A husband's wife and a wife's husband are called spouses. Legally, they are considered relatives (Civil Code Article 725, Paragraph 2), but there is no degree of kinship. Spouse status is created by marriage. Marriage takes effect when a marriage notification is filed (Civil Code Article 739, Paragraph 1), so those in a common-law marriage who do not notify the marriage cannot be called spouses in the legal sense. However, many social security laws treat such people as the same as spouses. Spouses have special rights and obligations that come with a marital relationship. For example, they have the obligation to live together, cooperate, and support each other (Civil Code Article 752), share marital expenses (Civil Code Article 760), and are jointly liable for debts arising from daily household chores (Civil Code Article 761). Spouses are also always heirs (Civil Code Article 890). [Yasuyuki Takahashi] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
夫からみて妻を、妻からみて夫を、それぞれ配偶者という。法律上は親族とされている(民法725条2号)が、親等はない。配偶者たる地位は、婚姻によって生ずる。婚姻は婚姻届を出すことによって効力を生ずる(同法739条1項)ので、届出をしないいわゆる内縁関係にある者は、法律的には配偶者といえない。しかし、社会保障関係の法律では、そのような者も配偶者と同じに扱っているものが多い。配偶者は、夫婦関係に伴った特別の権利義務関係にある。たとえば、同居・協力・扶助の義務(同法752条)、婚姻費用の分担義務(同法760条)、日常家事による債務の連帯責任(同法761条)などである。また、配偶者はつねに相続人となる(同法890条)。 [高橋康之] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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