This is a type of security that always covers the remaining balance of an unspecified number of claims that arise and disappear during the contract period when there is a continuing business relationship, such as an overdraft agreement between a bank and a customer. It is a general term for root mortgages, pledges, root transfer security, and root guarantees. Unlike normal collateral, which only covers a specific claim and disappears when that claim disappears, root collateral is not affected by the rise and fall of individual claims. Incidentally, this type of root collateral has the advantage that, for example, when a bank repeatedly lends money to a specific customer, it does not need to establish a security interest each time. When the Civil Code was modernized in December 2004 (and effective April 2005), provisions were added to limit the liability of the guarantor for loan guarantees (Article 465-2 and following of the Civil Code). This was because a guarantee could impose excessive liability on the guarantor, and it was necessary to limit that liability. [Yasuyuki Takahashi and Masamitsu Nozawa] [Reference item] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
銀行と取引先との間の当座貸越契約などのように、継続的な取引関係がある場合に、契約期間中に発生し消滅する不特定多数の債権の残額をつねに担保しようとするもの。根抵当、根質(ねじち)、根譲渡担保、根保証の総称。通常の担保が、特定の債権のみを対象とし、それが消滅すれば担保も消滅するのと異なり、個々の債権の消長によって影響を受けない点に特徴がある。ところで、このような根担保は、たとえば銀行が特定の顧客に繰り返し金銭を貸し付ける場合には、そのたびに担保権を設定する必要がないという利点を有する。 2004年(平成16)12月公布(2005年4月施行)の民法の現代語化に際しては、根保証契約のうちの貸金等根保証契約について、保証人の責任を制限する旨の規定が置かれた(民法465条の2以下)。これは、根保証契約が保証人に過大な責任を負わせることがあり、その責任を制限する必要があったことによる。 [高橋康之・野澤正充] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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