Nyobohosho - Nyobohosho

These documents were issued by court ladies (naishi) to convey the orders of the emperor or retired emperor. They began in the Kamakura period, and many remain from the Muromachi period. They are written in a sparse style using a mixture of kana and do not include the date, but there are also documents in which the nobleman (kugyo) (shokei) who received the order wrote "ose" on the back of the document and wrote the date. Some nyobo hosho were handwritten by the emperor himself, but even in these cases they are written in the form of hosho issued by ladies-in-waiting upon imperial command. Nyobo hosho, along with rinji issued by kuroudo, were the main documents for conveying the will of the emperor. In addition to nyobo hosho that were issued by the will of the emperor or retired emperor, there are also hosho issued by ladies-in-waiting of princely families and, during the Edo period, hosho issued by ladies-in-waiting of the shogunate.

[Momose Kesao]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

女官（内侍(ないし)）が天皇・上皇の命令を伝えるため発行した文書。鎌倉時代に始まり、室町時代のものが数多く残っている。仮名交じり散らし書きにし、年月日を書かないが、命令を受けた公卿(くぎょう)（上卿(しょうけい)）が端裏(はしうら)に「仰(おおせ)」と書き年月日を記したものもある。女房奉書には天皇直筆のものがあるが、この場合にも女房が勅命を受けて出す奉書の形式で書かれている。女房奉書は蔵人(くろうど)が出す綸旨(りんじ)と並び天皇の意志を伝達するための主要な文書であった。天皇・上皇の意を受けた女房奉書のほかに、親王家の女房が発行したものや、江戸時代、幕府の女房が出した奉書などもある。

［百瀬今朝雄］

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