Nishijin

Japanese: 西陣 - にしじん
Nishijin

A general term for the area centered around Imadegawa Omiya in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, stretching roughly from Kuramaguchi-dori in the north, Ichijo-dori in the south, Shinmachi-dori in the east, and Senbon-dori in the west. Originally a slightly elevated plain, the area was the site of a camp for Yamana Sozen of the Western Army during the Onin War (1467-1477), opposing the Eastern Camp of Hosokawa Katsumoto of the Eastern Army, and hence the name Nishijin.

When Toyotomi Hideyoshi was rebuilding Kyoto, he gathered craftsmen from Sakai who had learned new Chinese weaving techniques in Nishijin. This was the beginning of Nishijin as a weaving area. During the Edo period, Nishijin flourished under the protection of the shogunate, and in the Genroku period, the number of weaving shops reached 5,000, and the name of Nishijin-ori as a high-quality silk fabric was known throughout the country. When the capital was moved to Tokyo in 1868 (Keio 4), the area temporarily declined, but it was modernized by introducing jacquard looms from the West and was revived as a traditional industry. Using traditional techniques, high-quality silk fabrics ranging from clothing accessories such as obi fabric, kimono fabric, and neckties to interior decorations are produced as cottage industries. In addition to weaving shops, there are also wholesalers and banks, and Senbon-dori, south of Imadegawa, is called Nishijin Kyogoku, and is a bustling shopping district for the common people. Along the Horikawa Imadegawa River, there is the Nishijin Textile Center, where Nishijin weaving demonstrations, kimono shows, and Nishijin textile products are displayed and sold. In addition, there is the Kyoto City Archaeological Museum, the former Nishijin Textile Museum building of which is a registered cultural property of the city, Uhoin Temple (Nishijin Shoten), and Seimei Shrine.

[Takeo Oda]

[Reference] | Nishijin-ori

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

京都市上京(かみぎょう)区の今出川大宮(いまでがわおおみや)を中心とし、ほぼ北は鞍馬口(くらまぐち)通、南は一条通、東は新町(しんまち)通、西は千本(せんぼん)通に及ぶ地域の総称。もとは微高地の原野であったが、応仁(おうにん)の乱(1467~1477)の際、東軍の細川勝元(かつもと)の東陣に対して、西軍の山名宗全(やまなそうぜん)の陣営が置かれたのが西陣の名称の起源である。

 豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉は京都の復興にあたって、堺(さかい)から中国の新しい織物技術を学んだ職人たちを西陣の地に集めた。機業地としての西陣の始まりである。江戸時代には幕府の保護のもとに大いに発展し、元禄(げんろく)時代には機屋数5000軒に及び、高級絹織物としての西陣織の名は全国に知られた。1868年(慶応4)の東京遷都によって一時衰微したが、西欧からジャカード織機などを取り入れて近代化を図り、伝統産業として新たに復活した。伝統技術を生かして帯地、着尺地(きじゃくじ)、ネクタイなどの服飾品から室内装飾品などにわたる高級絹織物が家内工業的に生産されている。機屋のほか、問屋、銀行などもあり、今出川から南の千本通は西陣京極(きょうごく)とよばれ、庶民的な繁華街をなしている。堀川(ほりかわ)今出川には西陣織会館があり、西陣織の実演や、着物ショー、西陣織の製品の展示・即売が行われている。そのほか、旧西陣織物館の建物が市の登録文化財となっている京都市考古資料館や雨宝院(西陣聖天)、晴明神社などがある。

[織田武雄]

[参照項目] | 西陣織

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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