Nagayo Sensai - Nagayo Sensai

Japanese: 長与専斎 - ながよ・せんさい

Year of death: September 8, 1902 (Meiji 35)
Year of birth: Tempo 9.8.28 (1838.10.16)
A doctor of Western medicine in the late Edo and Meiji periods. He was the son of Nakaan, the adopted son of Nagayo Shuntatsu, a physician of the Omura Domain in Hizen Province (Nagasaki Prefecture). His pen name was Matsuka. Having lost his father at the age of four, he was raised by his grandfather Shuntatsu and was adopted by him in 1846 (Koka 3) at the age of nine. In June 1854 (Ansei 1), he entered Ogata Koan's Tekijuku in Osaka, and in the spring of the 5th year, he was made its head. In 1861 (Bunkyu 1), he went to Nagasaki to study medicine under the Western doctor Pompe. In April 1866 (Keio 2), he was ordered by the domain to travel to Nagasaki again to study under Bauduin. In January 1868 (Meiji 1), he was appointed medical supervisor at the Nagasaki Seitokukan, and in October of the same year, when Seitokukan was renamed Nagasaki Medical School (Nagasaki University), he became its head. In July of the fourth year of the Meiji Restoration, he returned to Tokyo and became a junior minister of the University (present Ministry of Education), and also served as a professor. He joined the Iwakura Tomomi mission to Europe and investigated medical education and the medical system in Western countries. He returned to Japan in March of the sixth year of the Meiji Restoration, and in June of the same year, he succeeded Sagara Chiyasu as the second Director of the Medical Bureau of the Ministry of Education, and played an important role in the promulgation of the Medical System in 1842. In September of the same year, he also served as the principal of Tokyo Medical School (University of Tokyo). In June of the fifth year of the Meiji Restoration, the Medical Bureau was transferred to the Ministry of Home Affairs and renamed the Health Bureau, and he became its first Director. He remained in this position for the next 19 years, building the foundations of Japan's health administration. During this time, he established the foundations of medical and health work, such as starting a medical examination system for doctors and pharmacists, introducing disease prevention and quarantine systems, and founding the Tokyo Pharmaceutical Office (National Institute of Hygiene) and the Cowpox Vaccination Center. He also established the Greater Japan Private Hygiene Association and worked to spread the idea of hygiene. In April 1884, he became a member of the House of Senators, in September 1890, a member of the House of Peers (appointed by the Emperor), and in January 1892, an Imperial Court advisor. Nagayo was the first to use the word "hygiene," which today refers to health and welfare. His son Mataro was a medical scientist (President of the University of Tokyo), and Zenro was a writer. <Works> "Matsuka Shishi" <References> Ogawa Teizo and Sakai Shizu, "Matsumoto Jun Autobiography, Nagayo Sensai Autobiography" (Heibonsha Toyo Bunko)

(Yasutaka Fukase)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：明治35.9.8(1902)
生年：天保9.8.28(1838.10.16)
幕末明治期の蘭方医。肥前国大村藩(長崎県)藩医長与俊達の養子中庵の子。号は松香。4歳のとき父をなくしたため,以後祖父俊達によって育てられ,弘化3(1846)年9歳のときその養子となった。安政1(1854)年6月大坂の緒方洪庵の適塾に入門,5年春にその塾頭にあげられた。文久1(1861)年長崎に赴き,蘭医ポンペについて医学を学んだ。慶応2(1866)年4月藩命によって再び長崎に遊学して,ボードインについて学んだ。明治1(1868)年1月長崎精得館医師取締に就任し,同年10月精得館が長崎医学校(長崎大)と改称されたのにともなってその学頭となった。4年7月帰京して,大学(現在の文部省)文部少丞となり,中教授を兼任した。岩倉具視の遣欧使節の一行に加わって西欧各国の医学教育や医師制度の調査に従った。6年3月帰国,同年6月相良知安のあとをうけて第2代文部省医務局長となり,7年の医制発布の中心的人物として活躍した。同年9月東京医学校(東大)の校長を兼務し,8年6月医務局が内務省に移管されるとともに衛生局と改称され,その初代局長に就任して,以後19年間この職にとどまってわが国の衛生行政の基礎を築いた。この間,医師・薬舗の医学試験制度の発足,防疫や検疫制度の導入,東京司薬場(国立衛生試験所)や牛痘種継所の創設など,医事衛生事業の基礎を確立した。また大日本私立衛生会を設立して,衛生思想の普及に努めた。19年4月元老院議員,23年9月貴族院議員(勅選),25年1月宮中顧問官に就任した。今日の厚生保健をさす「衛生」という言葉は,長与によってはじめて用いられたものである。子の又郎は医学者(東大総長),善郎は作家。<著作>『松香私志』<参考文献>小川鼎三・酒井シヅ『松本順自伝・長与専斎自伝』(平凡社東洋文庫)

(深瀬泰旦)

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