The presence of harmful genes, such as lethal or sterility genes, is a burden to a population of organisms. Even if they are not lethal or sterile, the presence of genes or genotypes that are not advantageous for selection is still a burden compared to the optimal state in which only the genotypes most advantageous for selection exist, and the amount of burden (reduction in fitness) that a population possesses is called genetic load. There are good reasons why such genes and genotypes that act as a burden exist in a population. First, there is a certain amount of harmful genes because mutations occur every generation. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
致死遺伝子や不妊遺伝子のような有害な遺伝子の存在は生物集団にとっては負荷となる。致死や不妊でなくとも淘汰に有利でない遺伝子や遺伝子型の存在も,淘汰に最も有利な遺伝子型だけが存在するという最適な状態と比べるとやはり負荷であり,この集団が保有している負荷の量(適応度の減少量)を遺伝的荷重という。 集団中にこのような負荷となる遺伝子や遺伝子型が存在するのはそれなりの理由がある。第1に毎代突然変異が生じるため一定量の有害遺伝子が存在することである。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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