Polyandry - Issaitafukon

Japanese: 一妻多夫婚 - いっさいたふこん
Polyandry - Issaitafukon

A form of plural marriage, or polygamy, in which one woman is married to two or more men at the same time. It is called polyandry. In reality, polyandry is extremely rare. It is found among the Toda and Kadar peoples of India, Tibetans, the Marquesan peoples of Polynesia, and the Sinhalese peoples of Sri Lanka. In many cases, as among the Toda, brothers share a wife, but in some cases, as among the Kadars and the Nayars of India, the men who have relations with one wife are unrelated. The former is also called fraternal polyandry or adelphic polyandry. Some theorists believe that in many cases of polyandry, the only thing the men actually share is the right to have sexual intercourse with the woman, and that children born as a result of these unions are often the biological children of the man who first contracted the marriage with her, and therefore these polyandry marriages are not strictly polyandry. There are many cases, such as among the Nayars, where husbands simply visit their wives but do not live with them, and where they have no responsibility for any children born to them or any obligation to support the family, which is difficult to understand given our conventional notions of marriage and family.

[Mitsuru Hamamoto]

[References] | Sinhala | Toda | Nayar | Marquesas Islands

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

複婚plural marriage, polygamyの形態の一つで、1人の女性が同時に2人以上の男性を配偶者とする制度。ポリャンドリーpolyandryという。一妻多夫婚の事例は現実にはきわめて少ない。インドのトダやカダール、チベット人、ポリネシアのマルケサス島人、スリランカのシンハラなどの間でみられる。トダの人々の間でみられるように兄弟同士で妻を共有する場合が多いが、カダールやインドのナヤールにおいてのように、1人の妻と関係をもつ男同士が無関係である場合もある。前者は一妻兄弟婚fraternal polyandry, adelphic polyandryともよばれる。一妻多夫婚とされる多くの場合、実際に男たちによって共有されているのはその女性との性交の権利だけであり、これらの結び付きの結果生まれた子供は、しばしばその女性と最初に契約を結んだ男の実子とされるということから、これら一妻多夫婚が厳密には複婚ではないと考える論者もいる。ナヤールの間でのように、夫たちは妻のもとに通うだけで同居せず、生まれてくる子供に対していっさい責任を負わず家族を養う義務もないといったぐあいに、私たちのもつ結婚や家族に対する通念をもってしては理解が容易でないケースも多い。

[濱本 満]

[参照項目] | シンハラ | トダ | ナヤール | マルケサス諸島

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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