This is also called parity. In general, the wave function of a system consisting of n particles can be written as Ψ ( x1 , y1 , z1 , x2 , y2 , z2 , ... , xn, yn , zn ; t ) in terms of the position coordinates of these particles ( i = 1 , 2 , ... , n ) and a function of time t . Now, when all these position coordinates are converted to inverted coordinates with respect to the origin, the value of Ψ becomes equal to the value of the original function, Ψ(− x 1 ,− y 1 ,− z 1 ,…,− x n ,− y n ,− z n ; t ) = Ψ( x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ,…, x n , y n , z n ; t ) If so, then the parity of this state is said to be even. On the other hand, Ψ(− x 1 ,− y 1 ,− z 1 ,…,− x n ,− y n ,− z n ; t ) = -Ψ( x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ,…, x n , y n , z n ; t ) and the sign changes, the state is said to be odd. Since the Hamiltonian representing the energy of the system is invariant to coordinate inversion, the wave function will have one of the above mentioned odd-parity states. Odd-parity is one of the important properties of quantum states. As an example, the eigenvalues of the one-dimensional harmonic vibration of a single particle are By looking at the form of its eigenfunction, Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
パリティともいう.一般に,n個の粒子からなるある体系の波動関数は,これらの粒子(i = 1,2,…,n)の位置座標と時間tの関数でΨ(x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,…,xn,yn,zn;t)と書ける.いま,これらのすべての位置座標をその原点に関する反転座標にかえたとき,Ψの値がもとの関数の値に等しく, Ψ(- x1,- y1,- z1,…,- xn,- yn,- zn;t) = Ψ(x1,y1,z1,…,xn,yn,zn;t) であるとき,この状態の偶奇性は偶(even)であるという.一方, Ψ(- x1,- y1,- z1,…,- xn,- yn,- zn;t) = -Ψ(x1,y1,z1,…,xn,yn,zn;t) となり符号がかわるとき,この状態の偶奇性は奇(odd)であるという.系のエネルギーを表すハミルトニアンは,座標の反転に対し不変だから,波動関数が上記のようないずれかの偶奇性をもつことになる.偶奇性は量子状態の重要な性質の一つとなるものである.一例として1個の粒子の一次元の調和振動の固有値は, で与えられるが,その固有関数の形を見ることによって 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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