Electrochemistry - Electrical science

A branch of physical chemistry that examines the correlation between chemical energy and electrical energy. The theory of electrochemistry is based on thermodynamic equilibrium theory, reaction kinetics (especially heterogeneous reactions), and electrolyte solution theory. Its applications include:
(1) Manufacture of power supply batteries,
(2) Electrolytic production (water electrolysis, electrolytic alkali, metal refining, etc.),
(3) Electrolytic plating,
(4) Metal corrosion and corrosion prevention,
(5) Manufacturing of electrolytic capacitors,
(6) Electric heating industry,
(7) Various electroanalytical methods,
The history of electrochemistry began with the Italians Ludwig Galvani and Alan Volta, who were the first to discover the concept of electromotive force and the cell (1791-1792). Later, M. Faraday discovered Faraday's law of electrolysis, and further proposed terms such as ions (cations, anions), electrolytes, and electrodes (anodes, cathodes) (1883), making a major contribution to the development of electrochemistry. SA Arrhenius proposed his theory (1887) regarding ionization in aqueous electrolyte solutions, and the peculiar behavior of strong electrolyte solutions was explained by the Debye-Hückel theory, which takes into account the electrostatic interactions between ions (1932). Regarding the electrolysis of aqueous solutions, the logarithmic relationship between overpotential and current density was experimentally discovered by F. Haber and J. Tafel in the early 1900s. Furthermore, with the advancement of thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and absolute reaction rate theory, research into electrode reaction kinetics and other areas has progressed.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

化学エネルギーと電気エネルギーとの相関関係を検討する物理化学の一分野．電気化学の理論は熱力学的な平衡論，反応速度論(とくに不均一反応)，および電解質溶液論を主体として組み立てられている．その応用は，
(1)電源用電池の製造，
(2)電解製造(水電解，電解アルカリ，金属の精錬など)，
(3)電解めっき，
(4)金属の腐食・防食，
(5)電解コンデンサーの製造，
(6)電熱工業，
(7)各種電気分析法，
などの多方面に及んでいる．電気化学の歴史はイタリアのL. Galvani(ガルバーニ)とA. Volta(ボルタ)にはじまり，起電力の概念や電池がはじめて得られた(1791～1792年)．その後，M. Faraday(ファラデー)は電解に関するファラデーの法則を発見し，さらにイオン(カチオン，アニオン)，電解質，電極(アノード，カソード)などの用語を提出して(1883年)，電気化学の発展に大きく寄与した．電解質の水溶液中における電離については，S.A. Arrhenius(アレニウス)の説(1887年)が提出され，強電解質溶液の特異な挙動は，イオン間の静電的相互作用を考慮したデバイ-ヒュッケルの理論により説明された(1932年)．水溶液の電解に関しては，1900年代はじめにF. Haber(ハーバー)やJ. Tafelによる過電圧と電流密度との対数関係が実験的に発見された．さらに，熱力学，量子力学，統計力学，絶対反応速度理論などの進歩とともに電極反応速度論などの研究が発展した．

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