Yoshiyasu Ichijo

Japanese: 一条能保 - いちじょう・よしやす

Year of death: 13th October 1197 (23rd November 1197)
Year of birth: 1147
A nobleman from the end of the Heian period to the early Kamakura period. He took the family name Ichijo after his residence in Ichijo Muromachi, Kyoto, but was a descendant of a different Fujiwara no Yorimoto from one of the five regent families. He was the son of Tanba no Kami Fujiwara no Michishige and the daughter of Udaijin Fujiwara no Kinyo. He had no notable achievements in the first half of his life, but it is noteworthy that he was initially awarded a peerage and promoted through the provision of Princess Motoshi (Josaimon-in). On the other hand, Minamoto no Yoritomo also served the same Empress before the Heiji Rebellion (1159), and it is likely that Yoshiyasu married Yoritomo's full sister due to this connection. In 1180, Yoritomo raised an army and gained power, and with his support, he rapidly rose in rank, becoming a nobleman in 1188 and serving in such positions as Sahyoe no Kami, Gon Chunagon, and Kebiishi betto. In 1193, he was promoted to Junior Second Rank, but in the intercalary August of the following year, he became ill and became a monk (taking on the Buddhist name Horen). During this time, in May 1185, the couple traveled to Kamakura, where they were warmly received by Yoritomo. In February of the following year, he returned to Kyoto and took over as the second Kyoto Shugo (military governor) from Hojo Tokimasa, serving as Yoritomo's "eyes and ears" in Kyoto. Through Yoritomo's mediation, he arranged for his daughter to become the wet nurse of Emperor Gotoba and the wife of Yoshitsune, the son of the chancellor Kujo Kanezane, and furthermore took Saionji Kintsune as his son-in-law; thus forming marriage ties with high-ranking and influential aristocrats, while at the same time raising his status in the political world of Kyoto as a close attendant to both the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and Emperor Gotoba. He is also thought to have been involved in the scheme to have Yoritomo's daughter, Ohime, enter the Imperial Court. He died in 1190, but the following year his eldest son Takayoshi also passed away, and in 1199 (Shoji 1) Yoritomo's death triggered a political upheaval, and the pro-shogunate forces affiliated with Yoshinobu were driven out of the Imperial Court. There is also a theory that he was born in 1190, and died on October 23, 1191. <References> Sugihashi Takao, "Relationships between the Imperial Court and the Shogunate in the Early Kamakura Period" (Shirin, Vol. 54, No. 6), Ueyokote Masataka, "Research on the Political History of the Kamakura Period"

(Takao Sugihashi)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：建久8.10.13(1197.11.23)
生年：久安3(1147)
平安末・鎌倉初期の公卿。京都一条室町の邸にちなんで一条を家名としたが,五摂家のひとつとは別の藤原頼宗の子孫。丹波守藤原通重と右大臣藤原公能の娘の子。前半生に特筆すべき事績はないが,当初,統子内親王(上西門院)の給により叙爵・昇位したことが注目される。他方,源頼朝も平治の乱(1159)以前に同女院に仕えており,おそらくそうした縁から,能保は頼朝の同母妹を妻としたと思われる。治承4(1180)年に頼朝が挙兵し権勢を得ると,その後援によって急速に官位が昇進,文治4(1188)年には公卿に列し,左兵衛督,権中納言,検非違使別当などを歴任,建久4(1193)年には従二位に進んだが翌年閏8月病により出家(法名保蓮)した。この間の文治1(1185)年5月,夫妻で鎌倉に下向,頼朝の歓待を受けた。翌年2月帰洛,北条時政に代わって2代目京都守護の任に就き,京都における頼朝の「耳目」の役を担った。頼朝の斡旋により娘を後鳥羽天皇の乳母や関白九条兼実の子良経の妻に配し,さらに西園寺公経を婿とするなど,上流・有力貴族と姻戚関係を結ぶ一方,みずからは後白河法皇,後鳥羽天皇に近侍しつつ京都政界における地位を高めた。頼朝の娘大姫の入内工作にも関与したらしい。建久8年没したが,翌年嫡子高能も世を去り,正治1(1199)年頼朝の死を契機とする政変で,能保系の親幕派勢力は宮廷を追われた。なお久安4年生まれ,建久9年10月23日没とする説もある。<参考文献>杉橋隆夫「鎌倉初期の公武関係」(『史林』54巻6号),上横手雅敬『鎌倉時代政治史研究』

(杉橋隆夫)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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