A state led by the Chinese Communist Party with its capital in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province from 1931 to 1937. In Chinese, it is called the Provisional Government of the Chinese Suwei'ai Republic. In 1929, Mao Zedong (Mao Zedong) and others left Jinggangshan and established a new base in Ruijin and held the First National Congress of the Chinese Soviet in November 1931, deciding on the Constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic, the Land Law, etc., and organizing the Provisional Soviet Government with Mao Zedong as its Chairman. In response, the Kuomintang government carried out four encirclement and suppression attacks from the end of 1930 to February 1933, but was defeated all of them. However, at that time, there was a far-left line opposed to Mao Zedong within the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, so they were unable to support the fifth encirclement and suppression attack that began in the summer of 1933, and were forced to abandon Ruijin in 1934 and set out on the Long March. Therefore, although technically the republic continued until the second Kuomintang-Communist cooperation in 1937, in reality it came to an end in 1934. [Ando Hikotaro] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1931年から37年にかけて、中国共産党が指導し、江西省瑞金(ずいきん)に「首都」を置いた国家。中国語では中華蘇維埃(スーウエイアイ)共和国臨時政府と称する。1929年、井岡山(せいこうざん)を出た毛沢東(もうたくとう/マオツォートン)らは瑞金を中心に新たに根拠地を開き、31年11月中華ソビエト第一次全国代表大会を開催、中華ソビエト共和国憲法、土地法などを決定、ソビエト臨時政府を組織し、毛沢東が主席となった。これに対し国民党政府は30年末から33年2月にかけて4回にわたる包囲討伐を行ったがすべて敗退した。ところが当時、中国共産党指導部内に毛沢東に反対する極左路線があったため、33年夏からの第5回包囲討伐を支えられず、34年瑞金を放棄して長征に出発せざるをえなかった。したがって、形式的には37年の第二次国共合作のときまでこの共和国は続いたが、実質的には34年で幕を閉じたといえる。 [安藤彦太郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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