Local Government Financial Planning

Japanese: 地方財政計画 - ちほうざいせいけいかく
Local Government Financial Planning

The Cabinet prepares this figure each year, submits it to the Diet, and makes it publicly available. It is the estimated total revenue and expenditure of local governments for the following fiscal year. Its main role is to clarify the overall income and expenditure situation of local finances, to take measures to improve local finances in the event of a financial resource shortage, and to serve as the basis for determining the total amount of local allocation tax in the long term.

The formulation of local government financial plans began in fiscal 1948 (Showa 23), but when the Local Government Finance Equalization Grant System was launched in fiscal 1950, local government financial plans took on a new role. Under this system, the total amount of grants was to be determined based on the combined financial shortfalls of each local government, but in practice this proved technically difficult, so the method adopted was to use the existing local government financial plans and use the shortfall in income and expenditure calculated therein as the total amount of grants.

When the Local Finance Equalization Grant System was revised to the Local Allocation Tax System in fiscal 1954, the total amount of local allocation tax was set at a certain percentage of the national taxes of income tax, corporation tax, and liquor tax, and the local finance plan no longer had a direct relationship to the determination of the total amount. However, if the total amount of ordinary local allocation tax to be distributed each fiscal year continues to differ significantly from the total amount of financial resource shortfalls calculated for each local government, the local administration and finance system will be revised or the local allocation tax rate will be changed, and this decision is actually made based on the income and expenditure situation in the local finance plan, so it can be said that the local finance plan is related to the determination of the total amount of local allocation tax in the long term.

Furthermore, the local government financial plan is not an actual forecast of income and expenditure, but an estimate based on the "standard level" set by the government, and does not include expenses such as excess burdens in national treasury-subsidized projects or salaries of local government employees that exceed the salary level of national government employees, and does not include income from excess taxation that exceeds the standard tax rate. In addition, this is a single-year forecast of income and expenditure for the general account, and does not include carryover operating expenses from the previous year or surplus income, and since it is calculated based on the initial budget, it does not include expenses that cannot be predicted at the beginning of the fiscal year or natural increases in local tax revenues during the fiscal year. For this reason, the local government financial plan amount is considerably lower than the actual settlement amount of local governments. It is important to note that financial resources guaranteed through the local government financial plan are based on such assumptions.

[Takeshi Okawa]

[Reference item] | Local finance

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

内閣が毎年度作成し、国会に提出するとともに一般に公表する、翌年度の地方公共団体の歳入歳出総額の見込額。そのおもな役割は、地方財政全体の収支の状況を明らかにして、財源不足が生ずる場合には地方財政対策を講じ、また長期的には地方交付税の総額を決定する基礎とすることにある。

 地方財政計画の策定は1948年度(昭和23)から始まったが、50年度に地方財政平衡交付金制度が発足すると、地方財政計画は新たな役割を受け持つことになった。この制度では、交付金の総額は各地方公共団体の財源不足額の合算額を基礎として定めることになっていたが、実際にはそれが技術的に困難であったため、従来の地方財政計画を利用して、そこで算出される収支の不足額を交付総額として決定するという方法がとられたからである。

 1954年度に地方財政平衡交付金制度が地方交付税制度に改正されると、地方交付税の総額が国税の所得税、法人税、酒税の一定割合と定められたため、地方財政計画は総額の決定には直接関係をもたないことになった。しかし、毎年度分として交付すべき普通交付税の総額が各地方公共団体について算定した財源不足額の合算額と引き続き著しく異なることとなった場合には、地方行財政制度の改正または交付税率の変更を行うとされており、その判断は、実際には地方財政計画上の収支の状況によってなされるので、地方財政計画は、長期的には地方交付税の総額の決定に関連をもっているといえる。

 なお、地方財政計画は実際の収支見込額ではなく、国の定める「標準的な水準」におけるそれを推計するものであって、経費では国庫補助負担事業における超過負担額や国家公務員の給与水準を上回る地方公務員の給与費などは算入されておらず、収入では標準税率を上回る超過課税などによる収入は含まれていない。また、これは普通会計を対象とする単年度の収支見込みであって、前年度からの繰越事業費や剰余金収入は算入されていないし、当初予算ベースで積算されるため、年度当初において予測できない経費や年度中途における地方税の自然増収なども計上されない。このため、地方財政計画額は地方公共団体の実際の決算額をかなり下回っている。地方財政計画による財源保障はこのような前提にたって行われるものであることに注意する必要がある。

[大川 武]

[参照項目] | 地方財政

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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