Underground shopping mall - Chikagai

Japanese: 地下街 - ちかがい
Underground shopping mall - Chikagai

This refers to a large shopping mall built under roads or buildings. The original underground mall was a public underground passageway with shops attached to it, but other shopping malls in the basement of buildings or train stations, subway concourses, and shopping malls attached to underground parking lots are also often called underground malls. Underground malls are mainly found in terminals and downtown areas in urban centers. Representative examples of underground malls include the Shinjuku Station Building underground mall in Tokyo, the Osaka Umeda Station underground mall in Osaka, and the Sakae underground mall in Nagoya. Famous examples abroad include the Forum des Halles in Paris and the underground pedestrian network in Montreal. In Japan, underground malls are often formed in conjunction with the construction of subways or in conjunction with the redevelopment of areas in front of stations. There is also a trend for existing underground malls to be connected to the basements of surrounding buildings and department stores to form larger underground malls. Underground shopping malls have the advantage of easing traffic congestion and expanding commercial areas, and at the same time, they are perceived by users as convenient and attractive spaces, so they were built in large numbers all over the country. There was a particularly remarkable increase in their number from 1960 to 1970. In response to this trend, some have criticized underground shopping malls, arguing that they are nothing more than a way to expel people from above ground and confine them underground.

Currently, underground shopping malls have many problems in terms of disaster prevention and hygiene, and new construction or expansion is being restricted unless their construction is unavoidable. In terms of disaster prevention, problems have been pointed out, such as the large amount of smoke generated in the event of a fire, the difficulty of firefighters entering, and the likelihood of panic. Therefore, when it is unavoidable to build an underground shopping mall, it is mandatory to take sufficient disaster prevention measures. It is desirable to make the underground passages simple and clear, to provide an open-cut underground plaza, and to work to strengthen fire prevention management by disaster prevention centers, etc.

[Masataka Murosaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

道路や建物の地下につくられた大規模な商店街をいう。地下街の原型は、公共的な地下通路に商店が張り付いたものであるが、このほかにビルや駅舎の地階に設けられた商店街、地下鉄のコンコース、地下駐車場に付随した商店街をも地下街とよぶことが多い。地下街はおもに都心のターミナルや繁華街に形成されている。地下街の代表例としては、東京の新宿ステーションビル地下街、大阪の大阪梅田駅前地下街、名古屋の栄(さかえ)地下街などがある。外国の例としてはパリのフォラム・デ・アルやモントリオールの地下歩行網が有名である。日本の地下街は地下鉄の建設に伴ったり、駅前再開発に連動して形成される場合が多い。既存の地下街に周辺のビルや百貨店の地階が連結して、より大規模な地下街が形成される傾向もみられる。地下街は交通の混雑を緩和し、商業面積の拡大をもたらすなどの利点をもつと同時に、利用者に利便性に富み、魅力あふれる空間として受け止められたために全国各地で盛んにつくられた。とくに1960年(昭和35)から1970年にかけての増加は著しいものがあった。この動向に対して、地下街は地上から人間を追放し、地下に閉じ込めるものでしかないとの批判的意見も出されている。

 現在、地下街は防災面や衛生面での問題が少なくなく、その設置が必要やむをえない場合を除いて新設または増設は抑制されている。防災面では、火災が起きた場合に煙が大量に発生する、消防隊が進入しにくい、恐慌が生じやすい、などの問題点が指摘されており、やむをえず地下街を建設するに際しては、防災対策を十分に講じることが義務づけられている。地下通路を簡単明瞭(めいりょう)なものとすることや、オープンカットの地下広場を設けることや、防災センターなどによる防火管理の強化に努めることが望まれる。

[室崎益輝]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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