Wisdom literature

Japanese: 知恵文学 - ちえぶんがく(英語表記)wisdom literature
Wisdom literature

In the ancient Orient, a great deal of literature was written and passed down since ancient times, using various literary forms such as riddles, proverbs, aphorisms, moral poems, fables, stories, dialogues, and debates, to provide answers to problems in life and society, and to teach about the order of the universe and the world. These are collectively called wisdom literature. For example, there are numerous Egyptian works entitled "The Lessons of ... (name of person)," the Babylonian theodicy dealing with the problem of the suffering of the righteous, and the Aramaic "The Words of Ahikar the Wise."

Elements of wisdom literature can be found throughout the Old Testament, left by the ancient Israelites. Among these, Proverbs, Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Wisdom of Solomon and the Wisdom of Ben Sira, which are apocryphal works in the Old Testament, are collectively known as wisdom literature. Although each of these wisdom works in the Old Testament is unique, they all have in common the theme of human beings' relationship to the order of the world created by God, that is, the problem of human beings as beings within the world, intertwined with the religious problem of trust in the God of creation.

[Tsukimoto Akio]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代オリエントにおいては、古くから、謎(なぞ)かけや諺(ことわざ)、格言や教訓詩、寓話(ぐうわ)や物語、対話や論争などのさまざまな文学形式を用いて、人生や社会の諸問題に解答を与え、かつまた宇宙や世界の秩序を教えようとする文学が数多く記され、伝えられた。これらを総称して知恵文学とよぶ。たとえば、「……(人名)の教訓」と題される数々のエジプト文学、義人の苦難の問題を扱うバビロニアの神義論、アラム語の「賢者アヒカルのことば」等々。

 古代イスラエル人の残した『旧約聖書』にも、随所に知恵文学的要素が認められる。なかでも「箴言(しんげん)」「ヨブ記」「伝道の書」、さらに『旧約聖書』外典の「ソロモンの知恵」「ベン・シラの知恵」などは、一括して知恵文学とよばれる。これらの『旧約聖書』の知恵文学はそれぞれ個性的ではあるが、神によって創造された世界の秩序への人間のかかわり、すなわち世界内存在としての人間の問題が、創造の神への信頼という宗教的問題と絡み合って、主題化されている点で共通する。

[月本昭男]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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