In the most comprehensive sense, it refers to the division of the Earth's surface based on some indicator, such as climate, resources, products, social or economic activities, or administration. From the perspective of the living space in which human life is conducted, in the era when agricultural production was the main form of production, mutually closed homogeneous regions based on the sameness of bloodline, language, customs, etc. were generally used as divisions. With the development of social division of labor and the expansion of commodity exchange relations due to the increase in productivity, interdependent regions including rural areas centered on cities have come to be considered basic socio-economic units, and have been emphasized as functional and nodal regions. In today's society, the relationships surrounding production and consumption activities are complicated and intricate both domestically and internationally, so in the attempt to establish regions and divide regions, regions that are planned and set up as a means to purposefully solve the problems that arise from them have become of great significance. [Kyōichi Sonoda] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
もっとも包括的にいえば、地球の表面を、気候とか、資源とか、産物とか、社会や経済の活動とか、行政とかいうように、なんらかの指標に着目して区分したものをさす。人間の生活が営まれている生活空間という視点からすると、農業生産が主要な形態であった時代においては、相互に閉鎖的な、血統や言語や慣習などの同一性に基づく同質的地域が一般的な区分として用いられていた。生産力の高まりに伴う社会的分業の展開や商品交換関係の拡大とともに、都市を中心とした農村を含む相互依存的地域が基本的な社会=経済的な単位とされることが多くなり、機能的・結節的地域として重視された。今日の社会では、生産や消費の活動をめぐっての関係は国内的にも国際的にも複雑に入り組んでいるので、地域設定や地域区分の試みも、それらによって生じている諸問題を合目的的に解決する手段として計画的に設定される地域が大きな意味をもってきている。 [園田恭一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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