Femur - General

Japanese: 大腿骨 - だいたいこつ
Femur - General

It is the longest tubular bone in the human body and is extremely strong. The femur connects the pelvis and the lower leg bone, and is the central axis of the thigh. It is almost cylindrical, but twists about 10 degrees along its long axis, and shows a slight convexity toward the front. The length of the femur is about 41 cm in adult Japanese men and 37-38 cm in adult Japanese women. The length of the femur is well proportional to height. As a whole, it consists of a shaft (body) and two upper and lower epiphyses. From the upper epiphyse, a cylindrical femoral neck extends upward and medially at an angle of 125-135 degrees to the shaft (the tip of this is called the femoral head). The femoral head has an articular surface covered with cartilage, which fits into the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint. The lower end of the shaft thickens significantly, forming the lateral and medial condyles that protrude downward and posteriorly on either side, which form the articular surface with the tibia. On the front of the lower end of the shaft is the patellar surface which forms a joint with the patella. When standing upright, the femur is not vertical; at the top, the left and right femurs are separated by the width of the pelvis, but at the bottom they gradually get closer. The inclination of the femur varies from person to person, and it is generally said that women have a greater inclination than men. The femoral neck is also particularly prone to fractures in the elderly, and is clinically considered to be a typical part of fractures in the elderly.

[Kazuyo Shimai]

[Reference] | Leg | Femoral neck fracture
Skeletal muscles and bones of the legs
©Shogakukan ">

Skeletal muscles and bones of the legs


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

人体の全身の骨のなかで最長の管状骨で、きわめて頑丈である。大腿骨は骨盤と下腿骨とを連結し、大腿の中軸となっている。ほとんど円筒状であるが、長軸に沿って10度くらいねじれ、前方にやや凸彎(とつわん)を示している。骨長は日本人の成人男子で約41センチメートル、成人女子では37~38センチメートルである。大腿骨の長さは身長によく比例する。全体として骨幹(骨体)と上下の両骨端からなる。この上骨端から上内側方向に骨幹と125~135度の角度で円柱状の大腿骨頸(けい)が出ている(この先端を大腿骨頭とよぶ)。大腿骨頭は軟骨で覆われた関節面で、骨盤の寛骨臼(かんこつきゅう)にはまり、股関節(こかんせつ)を構成する。骨幹の下端は著しく肥厚して両側の後下方に突き出た外側顆(か)と内側顆とをつくり、脛骨(けいこつ)との関節面となる。骨幹の下端前面には膝蓋骨(しつがいこつ)と関節をつくる膝蓋面がある。直立すると大腿骨は垂直ではなく、上方は骨盤の幅だけ左右の大腿骨は離れているが、下方はしだいに近づく。この大腿骨の傾斜には個人差があるほか、一般に女子のほうが男子よりも傾斜が大きいとされる。また、大腿骨頸はとくに老年者では骨折をおこしやすく、臨床上、老人骨折の代表的部分とされる。

[嶋井和世]

[参照項目] | あし | 大腿骨頸部骨折
脚の骨格筋と骨格
©Shogakukan">

脚の骨格筋と骨格


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