Daejoyeong - Daesoyeong

Founder of the Balhae Kingdom (reigned 698-719). Posthumous title: King Gao. After the fall of Goguryeo, some of its surviving people were transferred to the Yingzhou region by the Tang Dynasty. However, due to the appearance of Empress Wu Zetian, the restoration of the powerful Turks in the north, and the Khitan rebellion, the Tang Dynasty's control over the northeast weakened, and they fled east to their homeland to seek independence. They eventually won battles against the Tang Dynasty's punitive forces and established the country in 698. Heroes of this war of independence from the Tang Dynasty were Gyeong Sa-biu, Daesharikitsukitsuchusho, and Dae Jo-yeong, but Gyeong Sa-biu died in battle before the country was founded. Jung-sang and Jo-yeong are probably father and son, or they may be the same person. There are many different opinions about Daejoyeong's origins, but it is most likely that he was a Mohe who had been naturalized or assimilated into Goguryeo during the Goguryeo Kingdom period. After the establishment of friendly relations with the Tang Dynasty under Empress Wu Zetian, he aimed to create a nation modeled on the Tang system, and in 713 he was appointed Prince of Balhae by Emperor Xuanzong.

[Takao Moriyasu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

渤海(ぼっかい)国の建国者（在位698～719）。諡号(しごう)は高王。高句麗(こうくり)滅亡後、その遺民の一部は唐によって営州地方に移されていたが、則天武后の登場、北方の強国突厥(とっけつ)の復興、契丹(きったん)の反乱などによって、唐の東北面支配に緩みが生じたすきに、彼らは故地へ向けて東走し、自立を図った。そして唐の追討軍との戦いを勝ち抜き、ようやく698年に建国を達成した。この唐からの独立戦争のときの英雄が乞四比羽(きっしひう)、大舎利乞乞仲象(だいしゃりきつきつちゅうしょう)、大祚栄らであるが、乞四比羽は建国前に戦死した。仲象と祚栄はおそらく父子であろうが、あるいは同一人物かもしれない。大祚栄の出身については異論が多いが、かつての高句麗国時代から高句麗に帰化ないし同化していた靺鞨(まっかつ)人とみるのがもっとも妥当と思われる。則天武后後、唐と友好的関係に入ってからは唐制に倣った国づくりを目ざし、713年には玄宗(げんそう)から渤海郡王に封ぜられた。

［森安孝夫］

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