Songhai people - Songhai (English spelling)

Japanese: ソンガイ族 - ソンガイぞく（英語表記）Songhai

An ethnic group living along the Niger River in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger. They are also called the Sonlai or Songoi. Their population is estimated at 1 to 2 million. They speak Songhai. They are characterized by a mixture of Negroid and Caucasian races. Their society is highly specialized and stratified, with aristocrats, commoners, artisans, minstrels called griots, and former slaves. They were Islamized in the early 11th century, and in the late 15th century they established the Songhai Kingdom, the most powerful in West Africa, with Askia Muhammad as its ruler. They were later invaded and ruled by Moroccans, Tuaregs, Bambaras, and Fulbes, but their capital, Timbuktu, occupied by the French in 1893, was famous as the city of gold. Their families are polygamous, and there is no regional kinship group cohesion. Boys are circumcised and join their age group at around age 12. The main occupation is agriculture, but they also engage in livestock farming, fishing, crafts, and trade.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

マリ，ブルキナファソ，ニジェールのニジェール川沿いに分布する民族。ソンライ族 Sonlai，ソンゴイ族 Songoiともいう。人口はおよそ 100万～200万と推定される。言語はソンガイ語。形質的には，ニグロイドとコーカソイドの混血型を示す。社会は職業的な専門化と階層化が高度に発達し，貴族，平民，工芸職人，グリオという吟遊詩人，元奴隷などに分かれる。 11世紀初頭にイスラム化され，15世紀後半にはアスキア・ムハンマドを君主とした西アフリカ最強のソンガイ王国を築いた。その後モロッコ，トゥアレグ族，バンバラ族，フルベ族の侵略と支配を受けたが，1893年にフランス軍が占領した都トンブクトゥは，黄金の都として有名であった。家族は一夫多妻制で地域的な親族集団のまとまりはない。男子は 12歳前後で割礼を受け，年齢組に加わる。生業は農業が主で，牧畜，漁業，工芸，交易も行なう。

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