Zokuden (English spelling)

Japanese: 族田 - ぞくでん（英語表記）zú tián

Tribal land ownership such as yizhuang and saiden appeared in China from the Song dynasty onwards. Yizhuang began with the Fan Family Yizhuang, founded by Fan Zhongyan in the mid-11th century. It was a mutual aid organisation that benefited from the profits from land (yizhuang) donated by influential members of the clan. They provided relief for the poor within the clan, and also provided financial support for talented members of the clan, enabling them to take the imperial examinations and become government officials, using their privileges as official households to benefit the clan. Saiden was invented by Zhu Xi (son) in the late 12th century, and was used to strengthen tribal ties by carrying out joint ancestral rites with the harvest from the saiden donated by influential members of the clan.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国，宋代以降あらわれた義荘･祭田等同族的土地所有。義荘は11世紀半ば，范仲淹（はんちゆうえん）の設立した〈范氏義荘〉にはじまる。同族内有力者の提供した土地(義田)の収益による互助組織である。族内の貧窮者を救済し，また一族中の優秀な人物に学資を援助して科挙を受験させて官僚とし，官戸としての特権を利用して同族の利益をはかった。祭田は，12世紀後半，朱熹(子)の創案にかかり，同族内有力者の寄付する祭田の収穫により，共同の祖先祭祀を行い，族的結合の強化をはかったものである。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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