One of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system (genitals). Formerly known as the prostate gland. The prostate is closely attached to the bottom of the bladder, and is similar in shape and size to a chestnut. Its pointed tip faces downward and forward, and its upper surface is directly below the bladder neck (the part where the bladder transitions to the urethra). The urethra penetrates the prostate slightly anterior to the center, and the left and right ejaculatory ducts penetrate the center of the prostate (the middle lobe of the prostate) behind the urethra. The overall size of the prostate is about 4 cm in left-right diameter (upper surface), 2 cm in front-back diameter, and 3 cm in vertical diameter, and it weighs 15-20 grams. If you insert a finger about 5 cm into the anus and palpate the rectum, you can feel the prostate at the front. The structure of the prostate is partly muscular and partly glandular. That is, the prostate is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue containing smooth muscle fibers, and a large amount of smooth muscle is distributed in the substance inside the gland along with connective tissue (called the interstitium). In addition, 30-50 branching tubular alveolar glands are arranged in a concentric circle around the urethra, and their ducts (15-30 ducts) run radially around the urethra. The secretions from these are milky white, thin liquid that are stored in the lumen, but are expelled during ejaculation. About 15-30% of semen is secreted from the prostate. The secretions are alkaline and contain diastase, beta-glucuronidase, and several types of proteolytic enzymes. It is said that sperm motility is stimulated by these secretions. Generally, prostate enlargement occurs when a man is over 50 years old. This occurs when a decrease in male hormones and imbalance of sex hormones causes an increase in connective tissue, resulting in enlargement (the incidence rate is said to be 80% by the age of 80). When the prostate enlarges, pressure is placed on the bladder neck and urethra, causing urination problems. Prostate cancer is considered to be one of the malignant tumors in men. [Kazuyo Shimai] [References] | |The left side of the figure is a side view, the right is a front view ©Shogakukan "> Male Genitalia Structure Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
男性生殖器(性器)の付属腺の一つ。古くは摂護腺(せつごせん)とよんだ。前立腺は膀胱底(ぼうこうてい)に密接しており、形、大きさはともにクリの実に似ている。とがった先端は前下方に向き、上面にあたる部分は膀胱頸(けい)(膀胱から尿道に移る部分)の直下にくる。なお、尿道は前立腺の中央部よりやや前部を貫通し、左右の射精管は尿道の後方で前立腺の中央部(前立腺中葉)を貫通している。 前立腺の全体の大きさは、左右径(上面)で約4センチメートル、前後径で約2センチメートル、垂直径で約3センチメートルほどで、重量は15~20グラムである。肛門(こうもん)から指を5センチメートルほど先まで入れて直腸を触診すると、前方で前立腺に触れることができる。前立腺を構造のうえからみると、一部が筋性、一部が腺性となっている。すなわち、前立腺は平滑筋線維を含む結合組織の被膜に包まれ、腺の内部の実質中にも多量の平滑筋が結合組織とともに分布している(間質という)。また、尿道を囲んで30~50個の分岐管状胞状腺が同心円状に配列し、その導管(15~30本)が放射状に尿道の周りを走っている。ここからの分泌物は乳白色でさらさらした液であり、内腔(ないくう)に貯留されるが、射精時には排出される。精液の約15~30%は前立腺の分泌液が占める。分泌液はアルカリ性で、ジアスターゼ、β(ベータ)‐グルクロニダーゼや数種のタンパク分解酵素を含む。精子の運動は、これらの分泌物によって活発になるといわれる。一般的に、50歳以上になると前立腺肥大がおこる。これは、男性ホルモンの減少、性ホルモンの失調などによって、結合組織の増生がおこり、肥大をきたすものである(80歳までに、その発症率は80%という)。前立腺肥大になると、膀胱頸や尿道の圧迫により排尿障害が生じる。なお、前立腺癌(がん)は、男性にとっては悪性腫瘍(しゅよう)の一つとされる。 [嶋井和世] [参照項目] | |図の左が側面図、右が正面図©Shogakukan"> 男性性器の構造 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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