Sumner, JB

Japanese: Sumner,J.B.(英語表記)SumnerJB
Sumner, JB

…In the meantime, Wilhelm Kühne (1837-1900) gave the name Enzym (1878), based on the Greek word meaning "something present in yeast." It was James Batcheller Sumner (1887-1955) who conclusively demonstrated that enzymes are proteins by successfully crystallizing jack bean urease (1926). At the time, research activities in the field of biochemistry were dominated by European countries, led by Germany, but Sumner was an American researcher who was by no means well-known, and so he had to face quite fierce opposition and doubt. …

From [Biochemistry]

...The development of organic chemistry also strengthened the foundations of biochemistry by showing that there is no difference between substances extracted from living organisms and those artificially synthesized by organic chemistry. In 1926, J.B. Sumner succeeded in crystallizing the enzyme urease, clearly proving that biological macromolecules are composed of uniform substances and that enzymes are proteins. In this way, the process of elucidating the true nature of enzymes established the foundations of biochemistry, and biology was able to break away from its mystical aspects. ...

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Sumner, JB" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…その間,キューネWilhelm Kühne(1837‐1900)は,〈酵母の中に存在するもの〉の意味するギリシア語をもとにEnzymという名を付与した(1878)。 酵素がタンパク質であることを決定的に示したのはサムナーJames Batcheller Sumner(1887‐1955)によるナタマメウレアーゼの結晶化の成功(1926)であった。当時生化学領域の研究活動はドイツを頂点とするヨーロッパ諸国が主流を占めていたのであるが,サムナーはアメリカの,しかも決して著名ではない研究者であったため,かなり激しい反論と疑いに直面せざるをえなかった。…

【生化学】より

…また有機化学の発展により生体から抽出された物質と,有機化学によって人工的に合成された物質の間にはなんら差がないことが示されたことも,生化学の基盤を強めた。1926年サムナーJ.B.Sumnerが,酵素ウレアーゼの結晶化に成功し,生体高分子が疑いもなく均一の物質から成立し,しかも酵素がタンパク質であることがはっきりと証明された。このように酵素の本質を解明する過程で,生化学の基礎は確立され,生物学が神秘主義的部分から脱却できるようになった。…

※「Sumner,J.B.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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