A tropical rainforest found in the Amazon basin and its surrounding areas of approximately 6 million square kilometers in South America. It has developed in areas with high temperatures all year round, an annual rainfall of 1,500 to 4,000 mm, and no significant dry seasons. It is a dense forest mainly made up of evergreen broadleaf trees that reach heights of 40 meters, sometimes even 60 meters, but there are also many vines and parasitic plants. As many as 50 to 100 types of large trees grow in a mixed mixture per hectare. Typical tropical rainforests are found on the low plateaus that extend across the Amazon basin, and are called terra firme forests. Lowland forests that are periodically or almost constantly flooded are called várzea forests and igapó forests, respectively, and have fewer tree species and shorter trees than terra firme forests. In Peru, the lowland areas of the Amazon River basin covered with this type of forest are called Selva, as opposed to the coastal region (Costa) and mountain region (Sierra), and Iquitos is its central city. [Matsumoto Eiji] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
南アメリカのアマゾン川流域およびその周辺の約600万平方キロメートルの地域に分布する熱帯雨林。年じゅう高温で、年降水量が1500~4000ミリメートル、著しい乾期のない地域に発達している。高さ40メートル、ときには60メートルにも達する常緑広葉樹を主体とする密林であるが、つる植物や寄生植物も多い。1ヘクタール当り50~100種類もの大木が混然と生育している。典型的な熱帯雨林はアマゾン川流域に広がる低い台地上にみられ、テラ・フィルメTerra firme林とよばれる。定期的およびほとんど常時冠水する低地の森林は、それぞれバルゼアVárzea林、イガポIgapó林とよばれ、テラ・フィルメ林に比べて樹種が少なく、樹高も低い。 ペルーでは、海岸地方(コスタCosta)、山岳地方(シエラSierra)に対して、この種の森林に覆われたアマゾン川流域の低地地方をセルバとよんでおり、イキトスがその中心都市である。 [松本栄次] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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