The largest island in the Greater Sunda Islands of Indonesia. Also known as Sumatera. The volcanic Barisan Mountains run along the west coast, with Mount Kerinci (3,805m) as its highest point. The central highlands form the population center of Sumatra, but most of the east coast is swampy and sparsely populated. The equator runs through the center, and it is hot and rainy. The population is diverse, with many Acehnese, Batak, Minangkabau, and Malay people. The majority are Muslim. Plantation agriculture of tobacco, tea, rubber, palm oil, etc. is practiced, and there are mineral resources such as oil, tin, bauxite, and coal, centered in Palembang. More than half of the island is covered in forests, and development is progressing. Facing the Straits of Malacca, it is a key point of east-west transportation, so many kingdoms have arisen in Palembang and other places since ancient times. In the past, Hinduism and Buddhism were dominant, but Islamic forces advanced from the beginning of the 14th century. Since the 16th century, Portugal, Britain, and the Netherlands have advanced. After the Aceh War (1873-1914), Dutch rule was established. After Indonesia gained independence, it became one of the centers of economic development. As part of the depopulation of Java, more than 2 million people moved to Sumatra since the 1970s. The main cities are Palembang, Medan, and Padang. On December 26, 2004, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake occurred off the west coast of the northern tip of Sumatra. 480,793 km2 . 50,630,931 people (2010). → Related topics Andaman Sea | Indonesia | Orangutan | Sunda [Archipelago] | Malay [Archipelago] | Ryukyu Trade Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
インドネシア,大スンダ列島の大島。Sumateraとも。西海岸沿いに火山活動を伴うバリサン山脈が走り,最高点はクリンチ山(3805m)。中部高原はスマトラの人口の集中地をなすが,東海岸の大部分は湿原が展開し,人口希薄。ほぼ中央部を赤道が走り,高温多雨。住民の分布は複雑で,アチェ,バタク,ミナンカバウ,マレー人などが多い。大半はイスラム教徒。タバコ,茶,ゴム,パーム油などのプランテーション農業が行われ,パレンバンを中心とする石油やスズ,ボーキサイト,石炭などの鉱産資源もある。全島の半分以上が森林におおわれ,開発が進められている。マラッカ海峡に臨み東西交通の要点にあたるため,古代からパレンバンなどに諸王国が興った。古くはヒンドゥー教,仏教が優勢だったが,14世紀初めからイスラム勢力が進出した。16世紀以後ポルトガル,英国,オランダが進出。アチェ戦争(1873年―1914年)後,オランダの支配権が確立した。インドネシア独立後,その経済開発の一中心となっている。ジャワ島の人口分散の一環として,1970年代以降200万人以上がスマトラに移住した。主な都市はパレンバン,メダン,パダン。2004年12月26日,スマトラ島北端の西方沖でマグニチュード9.0のスマトラ沖地震が発生した。48万793km2。5063万931人(2010)。 →関連項目アンダマン海|インドネシア|オランウータン|スンダ[列島]|マレー[諸島]|琉球貿易 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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