American film director and screenwriter. His real name is Edmund Preston Biden. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. After living in Europe for a long time as a child and obtaining patents for several inventions, he wrote his first play in 1928. In 1932, he entered the film industry as a screenwriter for Universal, and soon distinguished himself for his witty style. Unwilling to let someone else direct his own scripts, he moved to Paramount in 1940 and directed his first film, The Magnificent McGinty. He continued to produce hits as a screenwriter and director, skillfully incorporating quirky humor, sophisticated dialogue, and sharp social satire into his intricate storytelling, such as The Lady Eve (1941), Sullivan's Travels (1941), and Palm Beach Story (1942). After leaving Paramount in 1944, his career declined, and he spent the last years of his life mainly in Paris. His heyday was short-lived, but as a pioneering Hollywood writer-director, his work opened up opportunities for such successors as John Huston and Billy Wilder. [Fujii Yoshiko] Document List of Director's Works (Released in Japan) The Great McGinty (1940) "Preston Sturges: The Genius Born from the Golden Age of Hollywood" by Donald Spotow, translated by Tsutomu Morimoto (1994, Kinema Junposha)" ▽ "Ephraim Katz The Film Encyclopedia, 5th edition (2005, Collins, New York)" [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの映画監督、脚本家。本名はエドムンド・プレストン・バイデンEdmund Preston Biden。イリノイ州シカゴに生まれる。幼少期に長くヨーロッパ暮らしを経験し、いくつかの発明で特許をとるなどした後、1928年に最初の戯曲を書く。1932年、ユニバーサル社の脚本家として映画界入りし、やがて機知に富んだ作風で頭角を現す。自らの脚本が他人によって監督されるのを潔しとせず、1940年、移籍先のパラマウント社で『偉大なるマッギンティ』を初監督。その後も『レディ・イヴ』(1941)、『サリヴァンの旅』(1941)、『パームビーチ・ストーリー』(1942)など、入り組んだ話術に奇抜な笑いと洗練された会話、さらに辛辣(しんらつ)な社会風刺を巧みに盛り込み、脚本家兼監督としてヒット作を連発する。1944年にパラマウントを去った後は低迷し、晩年はおもにパリで過ごした。全盛期は短かったが、ハリウッドにおける脚本家兼監督の先駆けとして、その仕事はジョン・ヒューストンやビリー・ワイルダーといった後続にもチャンスを開くものであった。 [藤井仁子] 資料 監督作品一覧(日本公開作)偉大なるマッギンティ The Great McGinty(1940) 『ドナルド・スポトー著、森本務訳『プレストン・スタージェス――ハリウッドの黄金時代が生んだ天才児』(1994・キネマ旬報社)』▽『Ephraim KatzThe Film Encyclopedia, 5th edition(2005, Collins, New York)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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