A general term for three ethnic groups of American Indians of Siouan origin: the Santee (Dakota), Yankton (Nakota), and Teton (Lakota). "Sioux" is a term used by the Ojibwa to mean "enemy," while "Dakota" means "ally," and is a term used to express friendly relations between the three groups, rather than a self-designation. Before the 17th century, they operated a semi-agricultural and semi-fishing economy, gathering wild rice and cultivating corn and gourds around Lake Superior. Around 1760, they began raising horses acquired from the Spanish, and advanced into the Great Plains region, forming a culture based on seasonal bison hunting. Their culture and social organization are similar to those of other Plains Indians, living in cone-shaped tents called tepees and forming secret societies of warriors. Along with the Apache and Cheyenne, they resisted the white invasion with the greatest vigor (Battle of the Little Bighorn), but their activities declined after the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890. Today, there are about 40,000 Sioux scattered across several designated reservations. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
アメリカインディアン,スー語系諸族のうち,3つの民族集団,サンティ (ダコタ) ,ヤンクトン (ナコタ) ,ティトン (ラコタ) の総称。「スー」は「敵」を意味するオジブワ族による呼称で,「同盟者」を意味する「ダコタ」などは,自称というより3つの集団間の友好関係を表現する言葉である。 17世紀以前にはスペリオル湖周辺でワイルドライスの採集,トウモロコシやウリなどを栽培する半農・半漁経済を営んでいたが,スペイン人から手に入れたウマを飼育するようになった 1760年頃から大平原地帯に進出し,典型的な季節移動バイソン猟に立脚する文化を形成した。ティピーという円錐形の天幕に住み,戦士が秘密結社をつくるなど,その文化と社会組織はほかの平原インディアンと相似している。また,アパッチやシャイアンと並んで白人の侵略に最も激しく抵抗したが (→リトルビッグホーンの戦い ) ,1890年のウンデッドニーの虐殺以降,その活動は衰微した。現在では約4万人のスー族がいくつかの指定居留地に分散している。
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