Test Act

Japanese: 審査法 - しんさほう(英語表記)Test Act
Test Act

The common name for the "Act to Prevent the Dangers Arising from Papist Dissenters" enacted in England in 1673 to prohibit non-conformists from holding public office. It was also called the Test Act. It stipulated that those in civil and military positions in the state must swear allegiance to the King and receive Holy Communion in a sacramental ceremony according to the Church of England rites. In 1672, Charles II issued the Declaration of Religious Freedom, which promoted tolerance towards Catholics. Parliament revoked the previous declaration in 1673, and at the same time enacted this law to put a stop to the King's pro-Catholic policies. James II's frequent suspension or exemptions to this law in the name of his prerogatives were one of the causes of the Glorious Revolution. However, after the Revolution, contrary to its original intention, the law ended up perpetuating discriminatory treatment of Protestant non-conformists, who remained excluded from public office until it was repealed in 1828.

[Keiko Okubo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1673年イギリスで、非国教徒の公職就任を禁止するため制定された、「教皇主義を奉ずる国教忌避者より生ずる危険を防止する法律」の通称。テスト・アクトともいう。国家の文武の役職にある者は国王至上と国王への忠誠を宣誓し、かつイギリス国教会の式次第にのっとった聖餐(せいさん)式において聖体拝領を受けねばならないことを定めた。72年、信仰自由宣言を発してカトリックへの寛容を推し進めようとしたチャールズ2世に対し、議会は73年に先の宣言を撤回させ、同時にこの法律を制定して国王の親カトリック政策に歯止めをかけた。ジェームズ2世が大権の名のもとにこの法律をしばしば執行停止や適用免除に処したことは、名誉革命の原因の一つとなった。しかし革命後は、当初のねらいとは異なり、むしろプロテスタント非国教徒への差別待遇を温存する結果となり、彼らは、1828年にこの法律が廃止されるまで、公職から締め出されたままとなった。

[大久保桂子]

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