Commercial registration - Shogyo Touki

Registration in the commercial register based on the provisions of the Commercial Code and the Companies Act (Commercial Code Article 8 and onwards, Companies Act Article 907 and onwards). This system aims to contribute to the safety of transactions, protect the interests of third parties, and maintain the social credibility of merchants and companies by publicly disclosing matters related to the business (operations) of merchants and companies. The procedures are based on the Commercial Registration Act (Act No. 125 of 1963, amended by Act No. 87 of 2005) and the Commercial Registration Regulations. When a legally required registration item arises, it is generally registered at the competent registry office in accordance with the statutory written format at the request of the parties. The competent registry office is the Legal Affairs Bureau or District Legal Affairs Bureau that has jurisdiction over the business office of the parties, or their branch or local office. There are nine types of commercial registers: Trade Name Registry, Minor Registry, Guardian Registry, Manager Registry, Stock, General Partnership, Limited Partnership, and Limited Liability Company Registry, and Foreign Company Registry, depending on the type of company. Matters that must be registered cannot be asserted against third parties acting in good faith until after they have been registered. However, after registration, they can be asserted against third parties acting in good faith, except for those who were unaware of them for a legitimate reason (Commercial Code, Article 9; Companies Act, Article 908).

[Toda Shuzo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

商法および会社法の規定に基づき、商業登記簿になす登記（商法8条以下、会社法907条以下）。商人や会社の営業（事業）に関する事項を公示することによって、取引の安全に資し、第三者の利益を保護し、あわせて商人や会社の社会的信用を維持することを目的とした制度である。その手続は、商業登記法（昭和38年法律125号、平成17年法律87号による改正）、商業登記規則などによる。法定の登記事項が生ずると、原則として当事者の申請により、法定の書面の方式にのっとって、管轄登記所で行われる。管轄登記所は、当事者の営業所を管轄する法務局、地方法務局またはこれらの支局・出張所である。商業登記簿には、商号登記簿、未成年者登記簿、後見人登記簿、支配人登記簿のほか、会社の種類に応じて株式・合名・合資・合同各会社登記簿、外国会社登記簿の九つがある。登記すべき事項は、登記の後でなければ、善意の第三者に対抗できないが、登記後は正当な事由によってそれを知らなかった者を除き、善意の第三者にも対抗できる（商法9条、会社法908条）。

［戸田修三］

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