Broad definition of national defense

Japanese: 広義国防 - こうぎこくぼう

A policy theory advocated by the Army after the Manchurian Incident. On October 1, 1934, the Army Ministry's Press Section published a pamphlet entitled "The True Meaning of National Defense and Proposal for Its Strengthening," which advocated that national defense policy should not be limited to military force alone, but should "organize and manage the state and society so as to maximize the full vitality of the nation." From the perspective of national defense, it also raised issues such as stabilizing people's lives, revitalizing farming, mountain and fishing villages, and promoting national education (Army Pamphlet Incident). This position came to be called "broad national defense," and the "renewal of general government" policy of the Hirota Koki Cabinet, which was established under the strong influence of the military after the February 26 Incident in 1936, was seen as being based on this broad national defense perspective.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

満州事変後，陸軍が提唱した政策論。陸軍省新聞班は，1934年10月1日《国防の本義と其強化の提唱》と題するパンフレットを発刊，国防政策は単なる武力のみでなく，〈国家の全活力を最大限に発揚せしむる如く，国家及社会を組織し運営〉しなければならないと唱え，国防の観点から国民生活の安定，農山漁村の更生，国民教化の振興などの問題をも提起した(陸軍パンフレット事件)。この立場が〈広義国防〉と呼ばれるようになり，36年の二･二六事件以後，軍部の強い影響のもとで成立した広田弘毅内閣の〈庶政一新〉政策は，こうした広義国防の観点に立つものとみられた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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