German archaeologist widely known as the discoverer of the ancient Trojan ruins. He was born as the son of a pastor in Mecklenburg, a state in northern Germany facing the Baltic Sea. From an early age he believed in the existence of the Trojan ruins described in Homer's stories, and made discovering them his life's goal. In the first half of his life, he moved to Russia to raise funds for this, and became a trader of Indian indigo, making a huge profit. In his early 40s, he quit his business and traveled the world, stopping off in China and Japan (1865). He then began serious research into ancient Greek history, visiting Greece and Asia Minor (1868). The following year, he met and married Sophia (1852-1932), who was born in Athens and was well versed in Homer's poems. In 1870, he first put a hoe to the hill of Hissarlik in northwest Asia Minor, and continued his excavations until 1873, proving that the site was the remains of ancient Trojan, a huge shock to the world. This research continued until his death, with the cooperation of Dörpfeld of Germany. In parallel with the excavations at Trojan, he also excavated Mycenae, Tiryns and other sites on the Greek mainland, proving the existence of the world of Homer, which was his life's goal. In his later years, he had a villa in Athens and lived an elegant life immersed in the world of antiquity, but he died suddenly in Naples on December 26, 1890. In addition to reports on various ruins, he also wrote his autobiography, "A Passion for Antiquity." [Terashima Koichi] "A Passion for Antiquity, translated by Murata Kazunosuke (Iwanami Bunko)" [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
古代のトロヤの遺跡の発見者として広く知られるドイツの考古学者。ドイツ北部、バルト海に面するメクレンブルク州で牧師の子として生まれる。幼時からホメロスの物語にあるトロヤの遺跡の実在を信じ、これの発見を生涯の目的とした。前半生はこのための資金づくりのためロシアに移住しインド藍(あい)の貿易商を営み巨利を得た。40歳代前半には事業をやめ、世界旅行をしている。このとき中国や日本にも立ち寄っている(1865)。ついでギリシア古代史の本格的な研究に入り、ギリシア、小アジアを訪れている(1868)。翌年、アテネ生まれでホメロスの詩編に精通するソフィア(1852―1932)と知り合い結婚する。 1870年に小アジア北西部のヒッサリクHissarlikの丘に初めて鍬(くわ)を入れ、引き続き73年まで行った発掘調査で、この地が古代のトロヤの遺丘であることを立証して大きな衝撃を世界に与えた。この調査は引き続きドイツのデルプフェルトの協力を得て、彼の没年まで続行された。トロヤの発掘と併行して、ギリシア本土でもミケナイ、ティリンスなどの発掘を行い、彼の生涯の目的であったホメロスの世界の実在性を立証した。晩年はアテネに邸宅を構え、古代の世界にふける優雅な生活を送ったが、1890年12月26日、ナポリで急死した。各遺跡の報告のほかに、自叙伝である『古代への情熱』がある。 [寺島孝一] 『村田数之亮訳『古代への情熱』(岩波文庫)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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