Saros cycle

Japanese: サロス周期 - さろすしゅうき(英語表記)Saros cycle
Saros cycle

One of the cycles in which solar and lunar eclipses occur. Solar and lunar eclipses often occur in almost the same circumstances, a certain amount of time after the previous eclipse. This time interval is called the eclipse cycle. There are several eclipse cycles, one of which is the Saros cycle. It is described in the Babylonian "Saros Canon." Saros is a Greek pronunciation of the Sumerian word for 3600. The cycle lasts 6,585 days, or 18 years and 11 days (5 times in between, or 18 years and 10 days if leap years are included). This phenomenon occurs because 223 lunar months (=6585.3212 days), 239 periapsis months (=6585.5376 days), and 19 eclipse years (=6585.7806 days) are very close to each other, but for each saros, the area where the eclipse can be seen moves 2.5 degrees south and 116 degrees west in longitude. Note that one lunar month is one lunar cycle, and one eclipse year is one period when the sun travels around the intersection of the ecliptic and the celestial eclipse.

A saros is a group of solar eclipses that can be predicted one after the other using the saros cycle. A saros starts at the North Pole and moves south over each saros cycle, ending at the South Pole. On average, a saros contains 72 solar eclipses. On average, there are 45 solar eclipses during a saros, of which 29 are total or annular. On average, there are 26 lunar eclipses during a saros, of which 16 are total.

[Naoyuki Sekiguchi]

[References] | Lunar eclipse | Solar eclipse

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

日食や月食がおこる周期の一つ。日食や月食は、一つの食がおこってから一定の時間がたったときにほぼ同じ状況でおこることが多い。この時間間隔を食の周期という。食の周期にはいくつかあるが、その一つがサロス周期である。バビロニアの『サロス正典』に記載されている。サロスとはシュメール語の3600を表すことばのギリシア語訛(なま)りである。周期の日数は6585日で、18年と11日(間に5回、閏年(うるうどし)を含む場合は18年と10日)になる。これは223朔望月(さくぼうげつ)(=6585.3212日)と239近点月(=6585.5376日)と19食年(=6585.7806日)とが非常に近いためにおこる現象であるが、1サロスごとに日食の見られる地域は2.5度ずつ南に移るとともに116度だけ経度が西に移る。なお、1朔望月は月の満ち欠けの1周期、1食年は太陽が黄道と白道の交点を回る1周期である。

 サロス周期を用いて次々と予測できる日食の一群をサロス群という。一つのサロス群はまず北極のほうから始まり、1サロス周期ごとに南に移って南極で終わる。1サロス群のなかには平均72回の日食を含む。1サロスの間におこる日食の数の平均は45回で、そのうち29回が皆既食または金環食となる。月食は1サロスのうちに平均26回おこり、そのうち16回が皆既食となる。

[関口直甫]

[参照項目] | 月食 | 日食

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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