Collarbone - Collarbone

Japanese: 鎖骨 - さこつ
Collarbone - Collarbone

A pair of long bones that connect the acromion ends of the left and right scapulae to the manubrium of the sternum. They lie almost horizontally and are 13 to 14 centimeters long. The clavicles can be felt subcutaneously at the upper left and right edges of the chest wall. The first rib is located just below the clavicle. On the surface of the body, there are depressions at the top and bottom of the clavicle, called the supraclavicular fossa and the infraclavicular fossa, respectively. The clavicle is gently S-shaped or italic F-shaped, with the outer third curving backward and the inner two-thirds curving forward. The outer third of the clavicle is thick and flat, while the inner two-thirds are thin and rounded, forming a triangular column. The inside of the clavicle is spongy and has no medullary cavity, but the wall of the central part of the bone is thick and dense. The outer third of the clavicle is a common site for fractures, but this is thought to be because it is vulnerable to external forces, as it is where the two ossification points on the outer and inner parts of the clavicle meet (ossification points are the areas where bone formation begins). The clavicle and scapula form the upper limb girdle, and also support the scapula, which is attached to the chest wall only by muscle. This mechanism allows the humerus, which forms a joint with the scapula, to move freely without being hindered by the rib cage. In women, the clavicle is shorter, thinner, and less curved than in men.

[Kazuyo Shimai]

[Reference items] | Shoulder | Human body | Bone

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

左右の肩甲骨の肩峰端と胸骨柄とを連結している1対の長骨で、ほぼ水平に横たわり、長さ13~14センチメートル。鎖骨は胸壁の左右上縁で皮下に触れることができる。鎖骨のすぐ下側には第1肋骨(ろっこつ)がある。体表面では鎖骨部の上部と下部にくぼみがあり、それぞれ鎖骨上窩(じょうか)、鎖骨下窩とよぶ。鎖骨の形は緩いS字状ないしはイタリック体のf字状の彎曲(わんきょく)を示し、外側3分の1は後方に凸彎で、内側3分の2は前方に凸彎である。また、鎖骨の外側3分の1は太くて扁平(へんぺい)であり、内側3分の2は細くて丸みのある三角柱状である。鎖骨内部は髄腔(ずいくう)がなく海綿質であるが、骨体中央部壁には厚い緻密(ちみつ)質がある。鎖骨の外側から3分の1の部位は骨折の好発部となっているが、これは、鎖骨の外側部と内側部の2骨化点の接する部分がここにあたるので外力に弱いと考えられる(骨化点とは骨形成が始まる部位)。鎖骨は肩甲骨とで上肢帯を構成し、胸壁に筋肉のみでついている肩甲骨の支えともなっている。この仕組みにより、肩甲骨と関節をつくっている上腕骨は胸郭にじゃまされることなく自由な運動ができるのである。鎖骨は女性では男性よりも短くて薄く、彎曲も弱い。

[嶋井和世]

[参照項目] | | 人体 |

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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