The Left National History - Sakokushikan

Japanese: 左国史漢 - さこくしかん
The Left National History - Sakokushikan

This refers to four Chinese historical texts: Zuo Zhuan (Spring and Autumn Annals of Zuo), Guoyu, Shiji, and Kanjo. For Japanese scholars, they were considered essential books for understanding Chinese history, and had a major influence on literature from the Heian period onwards. Zuo Qiu Ming's work Zuo Zhuan was used as a textbook for the Mingjingdao (a department specialising in classics) at the University of Tokyo during the Heian period. Similarly, Guoyu is a national history text that complements Zuo Zhuan. Sima Qian's Shiji and Ban Gu's Book of Han were textbooks for the Kidendao (a department specialising in history and poetry). As students' interests shifted over time, from Mingjing-do to Kidendo and then to Monjo-do (a department that deals with the study and composition of Chinese poetry and prose), the purpose of studying the Left National History of China changed from abstract studies of politics and morality to historical studies that teach admonitions for politics, and finally to the study of facts as sources to use in poetry and prose.

[Takao Fujiwara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国の歴史書『左伝(さでん)』(春秋左氏(しゅんじゅうさし)伝)、『国語』、『史記(しき)』、『漢書(かんじょ)』の4種の書をいう。日本の学者にとって、中国の歴史を知るための必須(ひっす)の書とされ、平安時代以後の文学に大きな影響を与えた。左丘明(さきゅうめい)の著作『左伝』は平安時代の大学寮に置かれた明経道(みょうぎょうどう)(経書(けいしょ)の専攻を内容とする学科)の教科書とされた。同じく『国語』は『左伝』と相補う国別の史書。司馬遷(しばせん)の『史記』、班固(はんこ)の『漢書』は紀伝道(きでんどう)(歴史、詩文の専攻を内容とする学科)の教科書であった。明経道から紀伝道へ、そして文章道(もんじょうどう)(漢詩文の研究、作成を内容とする学科)へと、時代とともに学生の関心が移るにつれて、政治、道徳に関する抽象的学問から、政治のための訓戒を学びとる史学へ、さらに詩文に用いる典拠としての事実を知るための学問へと、「左国史漢」を学ぶ目的が変わっていった。

[藤原高男]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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