National Treasury Debt Incurrence Act - Kokkosaimufutankoui

Japanese: 国庫債務負担行為 - こっこさいむふたんこうい
National Treasury Debt Incurrence Act - Kokkosaimufutankoui

It is an act of the state assuming a debt that consists of monetary payments. Article 85 of the Constitution stipulates that "incurring a debt by the state requires a resolution of the Diet," and in response to this, Article 15 of the Financial Law recognizes the following two cases as cases in which the state can assume a debt, in addition to those based on laws, expenditure budgets, etc. These are acts of assuming national treasury debt. The first is taken in cases where a contract needs to be made within the fiscal year, but the actual expenditure can be made in the following fiscal year or later, and it is necessary to clarify the reason for the necessity, the expenditure year, the period, and the annual amount for each item, and obtain the Diet's resolution as a part of the budget, a "D" budget. The other is for cases in which the state must assume a debt due to emergency needs such as disaster recovery, and it is done within the amount of the limit set without specifying the item, and the Diet is required to pass a resolution on it.

The National Treasury's debt obligation is a right granted by the Diet, and actual expenditure cannot be made unless an expenditure budget is prepared later. In order to maintain fiscal soundness, the period for which expenditure can be made through this debt obligation is limited to five years.

[Masatoshi Hayashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

国が金銭給付を内容とする債務を負担する行為をいう。憲法第85条は、「国が債務を負担するには、国会の議決に基くことを必要とする」と規定しており、これを受けて財政法第15条では、国が債務を負担することができる場合として、法律、歳出予算などに根拠のあるもののほか、次の二つの場合を認めている。これが国庫債務負担行為である。一つは、年度内に契約をしておく必要があるが実際の支出は翌年度以降でよいという場合などにとられるもので、事項ごとにその必要な理由、支出年度、年限、年割額を明らかにして、予算の一部である丁号予算として、国会の議決を得ることが必要である。いま一つは、災害復旧その他緊急の必要があって国が債務の負担をしなければならないという場合のためのもので、事項を特定しないで限度額のみを定めて国会の議決を経ておき、その金額の範囲内で行うものである。

 国庫債務負担行為というのは、国会により債務負担権限そのものを認められるものであり、のちに改めて歳出予算が組まれなければ実際の支出を行うことはできない。財政の健全性の維持のため、この債務負担行為によって支出できる年限は5年以内に限られている。

[林 正寿]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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