Japanese Studies

Japanese: 国学 - こくがく

〘Noun〙① Under the ritsuryo system, a school was established in each province to educate the children of county governors. Instructors were doctors and physicians, and they mainly taught sutras and commentaries. If there was room in the student quota, commoners were allowed to enroll. It is questionable whether kokugaku schools were established in every province, but one in Dazaifu was established next to the government office and appears to have been extremely successful. A national university. [Ryo Gikai (718)]② One of the academic disciplines that arose in the mid-Edo period. It was a philological study of Japanese classics such as the Kojiki, Nihon shoki, and Manyoshu , and sought to uncover Japan's unique culture. It was developed around Keichu, Kada Harumitsu, Kamo Mabuchi, Motoori Norinaga, and Hirata Atsutane. Japanese studies. Imperial studies. Imperial court studies. Ancient studies. Main teachings. ※Uhiyamafumi (1799) "The study of the Imperial nation may be called Wagakaku or Kokugaku, but it is a very rude name." ③ The study practiced in the country or feudal domain. ※Hagakure (around 1716) "As a vassal, Kokugaku is _{the one} thing I should devote _myself to." ④ A school established in the national capital under an ancient system in China. After the Sui dynasty, it was called the Guozijian. [Zhou Li - Spring Officials and Musicians] [Additional Note] As in the example in ②, Motoori Norinaga rejected "Kokugaku" as the name of the study in "Uhiyamafumi," calling it "Kogaku" himself.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 令制で、国ごとに設けられ、郡司の子弟を教育した学校。教官には博士・医師を配置し、おもに経書や注釈書を教授した。学生の定員に余裕があれば庶人の入学も許された。諸国にすべて国学が設けられたか否か疑問であるが、大宰府には政庁に隣接してたてられ盛況を極めた様子がうかがわれる。国の大学。〔令義解（718）〕② 江戸時代中期に起こった学問の一つ。記・紀・万葉など、日本の古典を文献学的に研究し、固有の文化を究明しようとしたもの。契沖・荷田春満(かだのあずままろ)・賀茂真淵・本居宣長・平田篤胤などを中心として展開した。和学。皇学。皇朝学。古学。本教学。※うひ山ふみ（1799）「皇国の事の学をば、和学或は国学などいふならひなれども、そはいたくわろきいひざま也」③ その国や藩などで行なわれている学問。※葉隠（1716頃）一「御家来としては、国学可_二心懸_一事也」④ 中国、古代の制度で国都に設けた学校。隋以後は国子監という。〔周礼‐春官・楽師〕[補注]本居宣長は、②の挙例にあるように「うひ山ふみ」のなかで、学問の名称としての「国学」を退け、自身では「古学」とよんでいる。

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