Cork (English spelling)

Japanese: コーク（英語表記）Cork

A special city in the southwest of Ireland, in the southeast of County Cork. The county capital. A port city at the mouth of the River Lee at the innermost part of Cork Bay, it is the second largest city in Ireland. It is said to have originated in the 6th century. In the 9th century, the Danes conquered the city and established a trading post here. At the end of the 12th century, the city surrendered to Henry II, and was under English rule for a long time after receiving its first charter, but at the end of the 15th century, the charter was revoked. It was often the focus of political struggles among advocates of Irish self-government, and in 1919-20 it became the center of the resistance movement against military oppression. It is one of the best natural ports in Europe, and trade in butter, salt, fish, and salted meat has been thriving since the 17th century, and it traded mainly with agricultural and livestock products with Britain and other continental countries. Its main industries are distilled spirits, beer, leather tanning, iron casting, wool products, and leather products. Since H. Ford built Europe's first agricultural tractor factory here during World War I, various factories have developed inside and outside the city. Cork has a particularly strong Catholic influence in Ireland, and after the Catholic Emancipation Act was passed (1829), Roman Catholic cathedrals were built throughout the city. There are many educational and cultural facilities in the city, including the University of Cork (founded in 1849), which is part of the National University of Ireland, as well as museums. Area: 37 ^km2 . Population: 127,024 (1991).

Cork
Coke, Thomas

Born: September 9, 1747, Brecon
[Died] May 3, 1814.
The first bishop of the Methodist Church in England. A collaborator and successor of J. Wesley in the Methodist movement and overseas missions. He studied at Oxford University and became a clergyman of the Church of England, but later switched to the Methodist Church (1772). As a leader of Methodism, he was active in Ireland (82) and North America (84). From 1797, he became a leader of overseas missions, and died on the way to India with a private missionary company.

Cork
Coke, Thomas William, 1st Earl of Leicester

[Born] 1754
[Died] 1842
He was a British landowner and agricultural reformer who, from 1778 onwards, worked to improve farming methods and livestock breeding on his Norfolkshire estate, and contributed greatly to the modernisation of British agriculture (the Agricultural Revolution). He was a Whig member of the House of Commons for many years.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

アイルランド南西部，コーク県南東部の特別市。同県の県都。コーク湾最奥部，リー川の河口にのぞむ港湾都市で，アイルランド第2の都市。起源は6世紀といわれる。9世紀にはデーン人が征服，ここに交易基地を建設。 12世紀末ヘンリー2世に降伏，最初の特許状を受けて長くイングランドの治下にあったが，15世紀末特許状を剥奪された。しばしばアイルランド自治論者たちの政争の焦点となり，1919～20年には軍事的抑圧に対する抵抗運動の中心地となった。ヨーロッパでも有数の天然の良港で，17世紀からバター，塩，魚，塩漬肉の取引が盛んになり，農畜産物を中心にイギリス，大陸諸国と交易した。主要工業は蒸留酒，ビール，皮なめし，鉄鋳造品，羊毛製品，皮製品など。また第1次世界大戦中 H.フォードがヨーロッパ初の農業用トラクタ工場をここに建設して以来，市の内外に各種の工場地域が発達している。アイルランドのなかでも特にカトリック色が強く，「カトリック教徒解放法」成立 (1829) 後，ローマ・カトリックの聖堂が市内各地に建った。アイルランド国立大学を構成するコーク大学 (1849創立) や博物館のほか教育・文化施設も多い。面積 37km²。人口 12万 7024 (1991) 。

コーク
Coke， Thomas

[生]1747.9.9. ブレコン
[没]1814.5.3.
イギリスのメソジスト教会最初の主教。メソジスト運動と海外伝道における J.ウェスリーの協力者で後継者。オックスフォード大学に学び，イギリス国教会の牧師になったが，のちにメソジスト教会に移る (1772) 。メソジストの指導者として，アイルランド (82) や北アメリカ (84) において活躍。 1797年から海外伝道の指導者となり，私設伝道団を率いてインドに渡る途中で没した。