Elamite - Elam

...As mentioned above, the deification of kings began with Naram-Sin, but this trend became even more thorough during the Third Dynasty of Ur, when temples for the king were built during his reign, as in the case of Shushin, and the form of hymns that had previously only been used to praise gods was also used for the king, and many royal hymns were composed. The direct cause of the fall of the Third Dynasty of Ur was the invasion of the Elamites, but the indirect cause was also the invasion of the Amorites (Amorites). The Amorites were a Western Semitic people who are said to have arisen around Mount Bishri (Basar) in Syria, but during the Third Dynasty of Ur, they migrated peacefully to southern Mesopotamia, initially as mercenaries and agricultural laborers. ...

*Some of the terminology that refers to the "Elamites" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…先に王の神格化がナラムシンに始まったことに触れたが，この傾向はウル第3王朝期にいっそう徹底し，シュシンの場合のように在位中に王の神殿が建てられたり，これまで神をたたえるためにのみ用いられてきた賛歌の形式が王にも用いられ，多くの王賛歌が作られたりした。　ウル第3王朝滅亡の直接の原因はエラム人の侵攻であったが，間接的にはアモリ人(アムル人)の侵入も一因となった。このアモリ人は，西方セム系の民族で，シリアのビシュリ(バサル)山のあたりに興ったといわれるが，ウル第3王朝期に，最初は傭兵や農業労働者として平和的に南メソポタミアに移住してきた。…

※「エラム人」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報