Change of Command Ceremony

Under the Ritsuryo system, these were compilations of rules for handing over duties and responsibilities when officials and priests were replaced, and there are three of them: the Enryaku Koukoushiki, the Jogan Koukoushiki, and the Engi Koukoushiki. The Enryaku Koukoushiki was officially called the Shokokushi Koukoushiki, and was selected by the Kageyushi for two purposes: to eliminate doubts when provincial governors were replaced, and to set standards for the Kageyushi's judgments. It was compiled by Sugano Mamichi, Wake Hiroyo, Sanuki Chitsugu, and Kamo Tatsunaga, and was established in 803 (Enryaku 22). It consists of 41 articles. Although it is called a ceremony, it actually takes the form of a set of ranks, classifying and arranging the ranks related to the replacement of kokushi, and adding the word "modern draft" to problematic parts of the text to clarify them as law. The "Jogan Koukai Shiki" is officially called the "New Naigekan Koukai Shiki." It was originally in two volumes, but only the second volume remains. As the first volume is missing, the compiler and date of its creation are unclear, but it was also compiled by the same Kan'eyuki official, and the core members of the work were Minamibuchi no Toshina, Iehara no Ujinushi, and others, and it is thought to have been completed in 867 (Jogan 9). The content is an expansion of the "Enryaku Koukai Shiki," classifying and arranging the ranks related to the replacement of kokushi, and adding the word "new draft" to the "modern draft" in the "Enryaku Koukai Shiki." The "Engi Koukaishiki" is called the "Naigaikan Koukaishiki" and was established in 921 (Engi 21). It was compiled mainly by Kaneyushi officials such as Tachibana Sumikiyo and Taira Koremochi. This is also an expansion of the "Jogan Koukaishiki", but unlike the previous two Koukaishiki, it has a revised rank format and is written into 192 articles. It also includes new provisions regarding the replacement of official priests.

[Toshihiko Fukui]

"The Enryaku, Jogan and Engi Imperial Reform Ceremonies by Hayakawa Shohachi" (included in the National History Bibliography, Volume 1, 1971, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)" ▽ "Research on Imperial Reform Ceremonies by Fukui Toshihiko (1978, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

律令制(りつりょうせい)下において官人や役僧の交替に際し、事務引継ぎ・責任規定などを集成したもので、『延暦(えんりゃく)交替式』『貞観(じょうがん)交替式』『延喜(えんぎ)交替式』の三つがある。『延暦交替式』は正式には『諸国司交替式』と称し、国司が交替する際の疑義をなくすること、勘解由使(かげゆし)の勘判の基準を定めることの二つを目的として、勘解由使によって撰定(せんてい)された。編纂(へんさん)者は菅野真道(すがののまみち)、和気広世(わけのひろよ)、讃岐千継(さぬきのちつぐ)、賀茂立長(かものたつなが)らで、803年（延暦22）の成立。41か条からなる。式と称するが実際には格(きゃく)の体裁をとり、国司の交替に関係のある格を分類配列しており、条文に問題のある部分には「今案」を付して法として明確にしている。『貞観交替式』は正式には『新定内外官(ないげかん)交替式』という。もとは上下2巻であったが、下巻のみが現存している。上巻を欠くので編纂者や成立年代は明らかではないが、同じく勘解由使官人によって編纂されたもので、その中心となったのは南淵年名(みなぶちのとしな)、家原氏主(いえはらのうじぬし)らで、867年（貞観9）の成立と考えられる。内容は『延暦交替式』を増補したもので、内外官の交替に関係のある格を分類配列し、『延暦交替式』の「今案」に対して「新案」を付す。『延喜交替式』は『内外官交替式』と称し、921年（延喜21）の成立。橘澄清(たちばなのすみきよ)、平伊望(これもち)らの勘解由使官人が中心となって編纂。これも『貞観交替式』を増補したものであるが、前の2交替式と異なり、格の体裁を改め、条文化して192条としている。また新たに役僧の交替に関する規定が設けられた。

［福井俊彦］

『早川庄八著「延暦交替式・貞観交替式・延喜交替式」（『国史大系書目解題　上巻』所収・1971・吉川弘文館）』▽『福井俊彦著『交替式の研究』（1978・吉川弘文館）』

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