Letter of loyalty - Gunchujo

Japanese: 軍忠状 - ぐんちゅうじょう
Letter of loyalty - Gunchujo

A document in which a medieval warrior wrote down his achievements in battle and submitted it to the government. The military commander (samurai general, military magistrate) would stamp the document and return it to the sender. The stamp was a simple one that simply read "Acknowledged" or "Ikkenshiowannu" and included a signature seal. The sender would use the Gunchujo with the stamp to claim rewards or the security of their land at a later date.

The first military loyalty documents were seen in 1282 (Kōan 5), the year after the Mongol invasion, but they began to appear in large numbers from before the Kenmu Restoration in 1333 (Genkō 3). The format of military loyalty documents varied, but many were in the form of letters, petitions, reports, petitions, or guidelines, and the contents of the military loyalty included some that only covered one battle and others that covered several battles.

[Hattori Hideo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中世の武士が合戦における自分の功績を書き上げ、上申した文書。上申された文書には軍事統率者(侍大将、軍奉行(いくさぶぎょう))が証判を加え、差出人に返却した。証判は「承了(うけたまわりおわんぬ)」または「一見了(いっけんしおわんぬ)」と記して花押(かおう)を加えた簡単なものである。差出人はこの証判が与えられた軍忠状をもって、後日、恩賞や所領安堵(あんど)を請求した。

 軍忠状は蒙古(もうこ)襲来のあった翌1282年(弘安5)のものを初見とするが、多くみられるようになるのは1333年(元弘3)建武(けんむ)新政前からである。軍忠状の形式はさまざまであるが、書状、請文(うけぶみ)、注進(ちゅうしん)状、言上(ごんじょう)状、目安(めやす)状の体裁をとるものが多く、記載される軍忠の内容も、1回の戦闘分のみを記すものと、数回の軍忠を一括して記すものとがあった。

[服部英雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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