Naval base - Gunko (English spelling)

Japanese: 軍港 - ぐんこう(英語表記)naval base
Naval base - Gunko (English spelling)

A port is a base for naval operations, a port from which the fleet advances, and a port that is capable of supplying and repairing personnel and military supplies throughout the entire operation. In Japan, the Navy Ordinance of 1886 (Meiji 19) divided the coastal waters of Japan into five naval districts, and a naval port was established in each district, with a naval base established to guard the port. In 1903 (Meiji 36), the five naval ports were changed to four, and from then until Japan's defeat in the war, four ports were called naval ports: Yokosuka (First Naval District), Kure (Second Naval District), Sasebo (Third Naval District), and Maizuru (Fourth Naval District). The areas around these ports were subject to strict regulations, such as prohibitions or restrictions on aviation, surveying, photography, entry and exit of general ships, and anchoring, under the Naval Ports and Important Ports Regulations. In addition, there were other important ports that were equivalent to naval ports, such as Ominato, Tokuyama, and Chinhai (Korea), Makong (Taiwan), and Lushun (China) at the time of the outbreak of the Pacific War. Well-known foreign naval ports include San Diego, Norfolk (USA), Portsmouth (England), Brest (France), Kiel (Germany), Kronstadt, and Vladivostok (Russian Federation).

[Tetsuo Maeda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

海軍作戦の根拠地で、艦隊がここから進攻し、かつ終始人員と軍需品の供給・修理が可能な能力を備えた港をいう。日本では1886年(明治19)の海軍条例により、日本沿岸海面は5海軍区に分かたれ、各区に軍港が設置され、その警備のための鎮守府が設けられた。1903年(明治36)5軍港は4軍港に改められ、以後敗戦時まで横須賀(第一海軍区)、呉(くれ)(第二海軍区)、佐世保(させぼ)(第三海軍区)、舞鶴(まいづる)(第四海軍区)の4港が軍港とよばれた。これら港の周辺は、軍港要港規則によって、航空、測量、撮影、一般船舶の出入り、停泊などが禁止または制限されるなど厳重な規制の下に置かれた。このほか軍港に準じた要港もあり、太平洋戦争開戦時には大湊(おおみなと)、徳山、鎮海(ちんかい/チンヘ)(朝鮮)、馬公(まこう/マーコン)(台湾)、旅順(りょじゅん/リュイシュン)(中国)に所在していた。外国の軍港で名高いのは、サン・ディエゴ、ノーフォーク(アメリカ)、ポーツマス(イギリス)、ブレスト(フランス)、キール(ドイツ)、クロンシュタット、ウラジオストク(ロシア連邦)など。

[前田哲男]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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