Tatsuo Kumoi

A patriot of the late Edo period. His real name was Kojima Ryuzaburo, and his given name was Morizen. He was born as the second son of the Nakajima family, a samurai of the Yonezawa domain, and his childhood name was Inokichi. He studied at the domain school, Kojokan, and at the age of 18 was adopted by the same domain samurai, Kojima Saisuke (with a family stipend of about 17 koku). In 1865 (Keio 1), at the age of 21, he was dispatched to guard Edo, where he entered the academy of Confucian scholar Yasui Sokuken, and interacted with a wide range of patriots. He was then ordered by the domain to sneak into Kyoto and try to grasp the situation. After the Meiji Restoration, he served the new government as a conscripted samurai and was based in Kyoto, but he was infuriated by the ambitions of the Satsuma-Choshu forces and returned to the domain, asserting the legitimacy of the Oshu-Ueno Alliance. He gathered anti-Satsuma and Choshu comrades in the Kanto region, and is famous for his manifesto "Tosatsu Geki" (Anti-Satsuma Manifesto) published in June 1868. After the Boshin War, Tatsuo became an assistant professor at the domain school Kojokan, and went to Tokyo to serve at the Shugiin (District Collection Commission), but soon left the hospital and established the "Kijunbu Kyokutenkensho (Inspection Station for Surrendering Rebels)" under the pretext of pacifying and rescuing former Shogunate retainers and escaped domain samurai, and gathered comrades there. On December 28, 1870, he was beheaded in Tokyo for participating in a plot to overthrow the government. He was 27 years old. His grave is at Joanji Temple in Yonezawa City.

[Akio Yokoyama]

"Research on Kumoi Tatsuo: Biography" by Hideo Ando (1972, Meiji Shoin)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

幕末の志士。本名は小島龍三郎(たつさぶろう)、諱(いみな)は守善。米沢(よねざわ)藩士中島家の二男として生まれ、幼名は猪吉。藩校興譲館に学び、18歳のとき同藩士小島才助（家禄(かろく)約17石）の養子となる。1865年（慶応1）21歳のとき江戸警衛に派遣され、儒者安井息軒(そくけん)の塾に入り、広く志士と交わる。その後、藩命を受けて京都に潜行し、情勢把握に努める。大政奉還後、徴士として新政府に仕え、京都にあったが、薩長(さっちょう)軍の野望に激憤して、奥羽列藩同盟の正当性を主張して帰藩した。関東において反薩長の同志を集めていたが、68年6月に出した檄文(げきぶん)「討薩檄」は有名。戊辰(ぼしん)戦争後、竜雄は藩校興譲館助教となり、上京して集議院に出仕したが、まもなく退院し、旧幕臣、脱藩浪士の鎮撫(ちんぶ)・救済を標榜(ひょうぼう)して「帰順部曲点検所(きじゅんぶきょくてんけんしょ)」を設け、同志を集めた。明治3年12月28日、政府転覆陰謀事件を理由に東京で梟首(きょうしゅ)となる。年27歳。墓は米沢市常安寺。

［横山昭男］

『安藤英雄著『雲井龍雄研究　伝記編』（1972・明治書院）』

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