Kutuzov, Mikhail Illarionovich

Japanese: クトゥーゾフ（英語表記）Kutuzov， Mikhail Illarionovich

Born: September 16, 1745, Petersburg
Died: April 28, 1813. Bosnia and Herzegovina. Russian soldier and diplomat. After graduating from the Noble Artillery School, he entered the military as a lieutenant in 1761. He served in the wars against Poland (1764-65) and Turkey (1768-74). In the war against Turkey from 1787 to 1789, he was particularly famous for his military exploits in the capture of Izmail, which earned him the praise of General AV Suvorov. He was ambassador to Istanbul from 1892 to 1894, and also displayed his extraordinary talents as a diplomat. After serving as military governor of Lithuania and St. Petersburg (1899-1801, 1801-1802), he became commander-in-chief of the Russian army in 1805, and fought against Napoleon I in support of the Austrian army. After the defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz at the end of the same year, he was demoted to military governor of Kiev, but was recalled to the Moldovan army as commander-in-chief in 1811 to fight against Turkey, where he led a victorious campaign and was awarded the title of duke the following year for his achievements. When Napoleon's army invaded Russia in 1812, as commander-in-chief of the Russian army, he adopted a bold strategy that included abandoning Moscow, leading to a protracted war, and ultimately dealing a devastating blow to Napoleon's army at the banks of the Berezina River. He died while pursuing the retreating enemy army. In 1812 he was awarded the title of Prince of Smolensk and the Order of George 1st class.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1745.9.16. ペテルブルグ
[没]1813.4.28. ブンツラウ
ロシアの軍人，外交官。貴族砲兵学校卒業後，1761年少尉補として軍務につく。対ポーランド戦 (1764～65) ，対トルコ戦 (68～74) に従軍。 87～89年の対トルコ戦では，特にイズマイール攻略に武勲を立て，A.V.スボーロフ将軍の高い評価を得た。 92～94年には在イスタンブール大使として，外交官としても非凡な才能を発揮。リトアニア (リトワ) およびペテルブルグ軍務総督 (99～1801，01～02) を経て，1805年ロシア軍総司令官となり，オーストリア軍を助けてナポレオン1世と戦った。同年末のアウステルリッツの戦いでの敗北後，キエフ軍務総督に左遷されたが，11年トルコとの戦いのため，モルドバ軍総司令官として呼戻され，勝利を得，翌年その功により公爵位を授けられた。 12年のナポレオン軍のロシア侵攻に際しては，ロシア軍総司令官として，モスクワ放棄などの大胆な作戦をとって持久戦に持込み，ついにはベレジナ河畔でナポレオン軍に壊滅的打撃を与えた。敗走する敵軍を追撃中死没。 12年スモレンスク公位，ゲオルギー1等勲章を授けられた。

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