Glass that has been tempered or surface treated to increase the strength of plate glass, cups, etc. several times. The theoretical strength of glass is thought to be about 200,000 kilograms per square centimeter, but in reality it is only a few hundredths of that strength, because even a light touch with a hand, cloth, or other substance can cause countless micrometer-sized (one-thousandth of a millimeter) scratches on the surface. Tempering (physical tempering) and ion exchange (chemical tempering) are tempering methods that create a compressive stress layer on the surface of the glass that tries to close the scratches. The former is not suitable for thin glass, and the latter is not suitable for glass that does not contain alkali. There are also surface treatment methods that reduce surface friction and prevent scratches, but they are not permanent. Physically tempered glass is used in some window panes and cups in cars and buildings, while chemically tempered glass is used in some mobile displays, watches, magnetic disks, bottles, etc. [Teruo Sakaino and Setsuro Ito] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
焼入れや表面処理などの方法で板ガラスやコップなどの強度を数倍に増大したガラス。ガラスの理論強度は1平方センチメートル当り20万キログラム程度と考えられるが、現実にはその数百分の1の強度しかないのは、手や布などのほかの物質に軽く触れただけで表面にマイクロメートル(1000分の1ミリメートル)程度の傷が無数にできるためである。焼入れ(物理強化)やイオン交換(化学強化)は、ガラスの表面層に傷口を閉じようとする圧縮応力層をつくる強化法である。前者は薄いガラスには不向きであり、後者はアルカリを含まないガラスには不向きである。このほか表面の摩擦を減らして傷の発生を抑える表面処理法もあるが永続性がない。自動車・建築物の窓ガラスやコップの一部には物理強化ガラスが、携帯用ディスプレー、時計、磁気ディスク、瓶などの一部には化学強化ガラスが使われている。 [境野照雄・伊藤節郎] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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