Reverse - Sakau

Japanese: 逆 - さかう

[1] (Self-Ha 4) ① To turn one's back on someone. To rebel. To oppose. ※Mahavairocana Sutra Gishaku Enkyu Johoten (1074), 13 "Because he was obsessed with his actions, he turned away and developed a rebellious attitude." ② To be hostile. To confront. Also, to move in the opposite direction to the force of wind and waves. ※Kokin Chomonshu (1254), 10 "Thinking that he should turn back once more, he set out." ③ To turn upside down. To become the opposite. Also, to turn upside down. ※Kaido-ki (c. 1223), from Ikeda Kikukawa "A wind blew throughout the world, and the waves in the sea turned back." ④ To vomit. To throw up. ⑤ To be annoyed. To feel bad. To feel resistance. ※Tsurezuregusa (around 1331) 155 "The evil deeds that follow are heard by people and troubled in their hearts." [2] [Original Ha, lower 2] Same as (1). ※Uchikishu (around 1134) Xuanzang Tripitaka Notes on the Heart Sutra "My stomach turns over and my heart is filled with sorrow." [3] [Other Ha, lower 2] To turn upside down. To make something stand upside down. To make something stand upside down. ※Hokke Gisho Choho 4th Year Part (1002) 1 "The scales of my body turn upside down , and sometimes earth and stones get into my body." [Essay] Until the Heian period, examples of both the yodan and shimo nidan were found, mainly in documents that read Chinese classics in Japanese. In the Middle Ages, although they were used together with the shimo nidan conjugation, the yodan conjugation came to be generally used, and the shimo nidan conjugation is thought to have been associated with a stiff feeling of language. In addition, examples of the synonym "sakarafu" can be found from the Muromachi period.

Gyaku [reverse]

〘Noun〙① (adjective) Something that is the opposite of order or direction. Something that is upside down. Also, that state. Opposite. ⇔ Order. ※Meigoki (1275) 9 "Speaking the opposite is like saying that the beginning of spring is coming." [I Ching - Hexagram] ② (adjective) Something that goes against reason. Something that goes against moral teachings. Also, going against a superior. Also, that state. Rebellion. ⇔ Order. ※Shoku Nihongi - Tenpyo Houji 1st Year (757), Leap August, Jinjutsu Day "Suddenly, without _any thought, a villainous man committed _a rebellion." ※From Joruri - Onna Goroshi Abura Jigoku (1721), "His heart is not like that of his evil brother, Kawachiya Taibei, the elder brother of Junkei-cho." [I Ching - Hexagram] ③ Gyakute (reverse hand) . → To take the opposite, to take the wrong way. ④ The name of a proposition obtained by swapping the premises and conclusion of a proposition, in relation to the original proposition. In other words, "If A then B" is called the converse of "If B then A." Even if the original proposition is true, the converse is not necessarily true.

Sakara/ Usakarafu [Reverse]

〘Self-Wa 5 (Ha 4)〙① To oppose the momentum of things or the force that works in a certain direction. To apply the opposite force. To move in the opposite direction. ※Joruri, Heike Nyogoshima (1719), 4 "The plover floats in agony against the ebb tide." ② To rebel against the opinions or warnings of others. To confront. To oppose. To resist. To oppose. ※Joruri, Onnagoroshi Abura Jigoku (1721), 3 "From then on, Akinai put forth his best efforts, and out of a deep sense of filial piety, he made a vow to his parents." ※Ukigumo (1887-89)〈Futabatei Shimei〉, 3 "Although he was jealous of his mother, before he knew it, he had become what he was saying."

Mukata-ta/mu [reverse]

〘Other Ma 4〙 To feel nauseous and vomit up food. *New translation of the Kegon Sutra Ongi Shiki (794) "Never rebel, never rebel, never conquer, ya Sudou tan, never rebel, Wakunmu will receive for generations, if not rebel, he will receive Mukatamatsu." [Additional note] If the "end (Ma) " in the example "mukatamatsuju" is considered to be "not yet (Mi) ," then the conjugation would be the Ma row, upper two level, or the Ma row, upper one level.

Sakarai Sakarahi [reverse]

〘 noun 〙 (the noun derived from the conjunctive form of the verb "sakarau (reverse)") To go against. To oppose. To confront. To resist. ※Shoju (1952) by Nobuo Kojima, 4 "Even when I made that declaration, I acted with dignity. That was the only expression of my defiance ."

Sakaru [reverse]

〘Self-expression 4〙＝sakau（reverse）※Nihon Shoki（720）, 4th month of the year Bouma before the accession of Emperor Jimmu (Kitano Hon Muromachi Period Text) “To conquer captives in the future is against the way of heaven.”

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘自ハ四〙① 相手に背を向ける。そむく。さからう。※大日経義釈延久承保点（1074）一三「所行の事に著せるを以て、反りて背忤(サカフ)の心を生す」② 敵対する。はむかう。また、風波などの勢いと反対の方に進もうとする。※古今著聞集（1254）一〇「今一度さかうべしとて、あゆみよるに」③ さかさまになる。逆になる。また、さかまく。※海道記（1223頃）池田より菊川「天下風あれて海内波さかへりき」④ へどを吐く。もどす。⑤ 気にさわる。悪く感じる。抵抗感がある。※徒然草（1331頃）一五五「ついで悪しき事は、人の耳にもさかひ、心にもたがひて」[2] 〘自ハ下二〙 (一)に同じ。※打聞集（1134頃）玄奘三蔵心経事「すふ間腹わた返て逆(サカフ)れども悲の心深きままに」[3] 〘他ハ下二〙さかさまにする。さかだたせる。さかだてる。※法華義疏長保四年点（1002）一「身に鱗を逆(サカヘ)て、土石其の身の内に入ることあり」[語誌]平安時代までは、漢文訓読系の文献を中心に四段・下二段とも例が見られる。中世に入って、下二段活用と併用されつつも、一般的には四段活用が用いられるようになり、下二段活用の方は堅苦しい語感を伴ったと考えられる。なお、同義語の「さからふ」は、室町期より例が見出される。

ぎゃく【逆】

〘名〙① (形動) 順序、方向と反対であること。さかさまなこと。また、そのさま。反対。⇔順。※名語記（1275）九「逆にいはるる事は立春をはるたつひといへるがごとし」〔易経‐説卦〕② (形動) 道理に反すること。道徳的な教えにそむくこと。また、上位の者にさからうこと。また、そのさま。反逆。⇔順。※続日本紀‐天平宝字元年（757）閏八月壬戌「忽有_二不慮之間、兇徒作_一レ逆」※浄瑠璃・女殺油地獄（1721）中「ぎゃくな弟に似ぬ心、順慶町の兄河内屋太兵衛」〔易経‐比卦〕③ 逆手(ぎゃくて)。→逆に取る・逆を取る。④ 命題の仮定と結論とを入れ換えて得られる命題の、もとの命題に対する称。すなわち「ＡならばＢ」に対して「ＢならばＡ」をその逆という。もとの命題が真でも、逆は必ずしも真とは限らない。

さから・うさからふ【逆】

〘自ワ五（ハ四）〙① 物事の勢いや、ある一定の方向へ働く力に反対する。逆の力を加える。逆の方向へ進む。※浄瑠璃・平家女護島（1719）四「引く汐にさからふ千鳥が浮きくるしみ」② 他人の意見や注意などに反抗する。てむかう。たてつく。抵抗する。反対する。※浄瑠璃・女殺油地獄（1721）中「それからはあきないも精を出し、親達へ孝行つくしさからふまいと誓文だて」※浮雲（1887‐89）〈二葉亭四迷〉三「母親に忤(サカラ)ひながら、何時しか其いふなりに成った」