Basic salary - Kihonkyu

Generally, wages are made up of a basic portion and an additional portion, and this corresponds to the former. It is also called base pay or personal pay. There are three types of basic pay: those based on personal factors such as age, years of service, and educational background (personal pay), those based on job factors such as duties, ability, and work performance (job pay), and those that take all of these into consideration (total pay). In Japan, the third type is more widespread. This basic pay is also used as the calculation basis for various allowances, bonuses, retirement benefits, etc., so it is very important in wages. In Japan, there are many allowances, so the weight of basic pay in total wages is low, and because it is a comprehensively determined pay, there are problems such as the extremely unclear factors and methods of determining it.

[Toshikazu Yokoyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

一般に賃金は基本的部分とそれ以外の付加的部分とから成り立っているが、このうち前者にあたるもの。本給、本人給などともよばれる。年齢、勤続年数、学歴などの属人的要素を基準にするもの（属人給）、職務、能力、勤務成績などの仕事的要素を基準にするもの（仕事給）、それらを総合勘案するもの（総合給）の三つに分けられるが、日本では第三の方式が広く普及している。この基本給は、諸手当、賞与、退職金などの算定基準としても用いられるため、賃金に占める意義は大きい。日本の場合、諸手当が多く、基本給が全賃金に占める比重が低いうえ、総合決定給ゆえに、決定要素や決定方法がきわめて不明確となっているなどの問題がある。

［横山寿一］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例