Gifu butterfly - Gifu butterfly

Japanese: ギフチョウ - ぎふちょう
Gifu butterfly - Gifu butterfly

A butterfly belonging to the family Papilionidae in the order Lepidoptera of the class Insecta. The genus Luehdorfia is a primitive butterfly endemic to East Asia, including four known species, of which Luehdorfia is endemic to Japan. It is found only on Honshu, and is not distributed in Hokkaido, Shikoku, or Kyushu. In Honshu, it can be found in the west in Yamaguchi Prefecture, in the north in the Tama Hills in western Tokyo on the Pacific coast, and in the southern tip of Akita Prefecture on the Japan Sea side. This species and the closely related species L. puziloi generally live in separate habitats, and the distribution boundary between them is called the Luehdorfia Line, but in some areas the two species coexist. According to surveys conducted to date, they have been found in mixed habitats in parts of Kitaazumi County in Nagano Prefecture, Mt. Madarao and Mt. Kuroiwa on the Shinetsu border, and in the middle reaches of the Mogami River in Yamagata Prefecture. In Tokyo, Kanagawa Prefecture, and the Keihanshin area, they have become extinct in many habitats, mainly due to environmental destruction of their habitats. With a wingspan of about 50-55 mm, this butterfly is small for the swallowtail family. The base color of its wings is yellow with vertical black stripes, and the hind wings have beautiful red, orange, and indigo-blue markings. This stepped pattern gives it the nickname of Dandaracho. It appears once a year, from late March to late April in warm areas (peaking around early April), and from late April to late May (peaking around early May) in areas near the northern limit of its distribution (such as Yamagata Prefecture) and at high altitudes, with the peak period roughly coinciding with the flowering of cherry blossoms in the area. Organisms that appear only once a year, in the spring, are called spring ephemerals, and this butterfly is a prime example of this. The larvae feed on Asarum species, but because the species of Asarum that grow naturally in different regions vary, the species of food plant often differs from place to place. Even when multiple species of Asarum grow together in the same region, it is normal for only one species to be the preferred food plant. There are cases where an Asarum that is a preferred food plant in one region is not a food plant in another. Asabashishin is the food plant of the Deutzia japonica, but it is known that in some locations it is also used as a food plant by the Luehdorfia dwarf butterfly. The mother butterfly lays several eggs in a line on the underside of the new shoots of the food plant. The hatched larvae live in groups on the underside of leaves when they are young, but disperse and move to a solitary lifestyle as they approach the final stage. They pupate in late spring and remain in this state until the following spring.

[Takashi Shiramizu]

Gifu butterfly
A species endemic to Japan, found only on Honshu. The base color of the wings is yellow with vertical black stripes, and the hind wings have red, orange, and indigo blue markings. They emerge once a year, and the peak season coincides with the cherry blossom season in the area. Wing span 50-55mm. Swallowtail family ©Shogakukan Photo by Okuyama Hisashi ">

Gifu butterfly

Larva of the Gifu butterfly
Full-stage larva. It produces orange-yellow odour horns to protect itself from predators. It feeds on plants such as Asarum .

Larva of the Gifu butterfly

Major species of swallowtail butterflies (3) [specimen photographs]
©Shogakukan ">

Major species of swallowtail butterflies (3) [specimens...


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

昆虫綱鱗翅(りんし)目アゲハチョウ科に属するチョウ。ギフチョウ属Luehdorfiaは、既知種4種を含む東アジア特産の原始的なチョウで、そのうちギフチョウは日本の特産種。本州のみに産し、北海道、四国、九州には分布しない。本州では西は山口県、北は太平洋岸では東京都西部の多摩丘陵、日本海側では秋田県南端部に達する。近似種ヒメギフチョウL. puziloiと本種は一般にすみ分けて生息し、その分布境界線はルエドルフィア・ラインとよばれているが、地域によっては両種の混生がみられ、現在までの調査では長野県北安曇(きたあずみ)郡の一部、信越国境の斑尾(まだらお)山、黒岩山、山形県最上(もがみ)川中流域に混生地がある。東京都、神奈川県、京阪神周辺では主として生息地の環境破壊によって多くの産地で絶滅した。はねの開張50~55ミリメートル程度で、アゲハチョウ科としては小形。はねの地色は黄色で、縦に黒の縞(しま)模様があり、後ろばねには赤色、橙(だいだい)色、青藍(せいらん)色の斑紋(はんもん)があり美しい。この段だら模様からダンダラチョウの別名もある。年1回の発生で、暖地では3月下旬から4月下旬(最盛期4月上旬ごろ)、分布の北限に近い地域(たとえば山形県)や標高の高い場所では4月下旬から5月下旬(最盛期5月上旬ごろ)に出現し、その最盛期はその地域のサクラの開花期にほぼ一致する。年に一度春だけにその姿を現す生物をスプリング・エフェメラル(春のはかない命)というが、チョウでは本種がその代表的なものである。幼虫の食草はカンアオイ類であるが、地域によって自生するカンアオイの種類が異なるため、必然的に場所により食草の種類は相違する場合が多い。同一地域に複数のカンアオイの種類が混生する場合でも、好適な食草はそのなかの1種にすぎないことが普通である。ある地域で好適な食草となっているカンアオイが、ほかの産地では食草とならないケースもある。ウスバサイシンはヒメギフチョウの食草であるが、場所によってはギフチョウがこれを食草とする場合も知られている。母チョウは食草の新芽裏面に数卵を並べて産み付ける。孵化(ふか)した幼虫は若齢期に葉裏に固まって生活するが、終齢が近づくと分散し単独生活に移る。晩春に蛹(さなぎ)となり、翌春まで蛹の状態で過ごす。

[白水 隆]

ギフチョウ
本州のみに産する日本の特産種。はねの地色は黄色で、縦に黒色の縞模様があり、後ろばねには赤色、橙色、青藍色の斑紋がある。年1回の発生で、最盛期はその地域のサクラの開花期にほぼ一致する。はねの開張50~55mm。アゲハチョウ科©Shogakukan 撮影/おくやまひさし">

ギフチョウ

ギフチョウの幼虫
終齢幼虫。敵から身を守るため橙黄色の臭角を出す。食草はカンアオイ類©Shogakukan">

ギフチョウの幼虫

アゲハチョウ科のおもな種類(3)〔標本写真〕
©Shogakukan">

アゲハチョウ科のおもな種類(3)〔標本…


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