Kitakami Highlands

Japanese: 北上高地 - きたかみこうち
Kitakami Highlands

A mountain range in the northeastern part of the Tohoku region. It is also called the Kitakami Mountains. It is a spindle-shaped mountain range stretching from Hachinohe in Aomori Prefecture in the north through Iwate Prefecture to the Oshika Peninsula in Miyagi Prefecture, stretching about 250 km north to south and 80 km east to west. The eastern part faces the Pacific Ocean at the Sanriku Coast, and the western part faces the Ou Mountains across the Kitakami River. It was once a peneplain, and then rose up, forming an uplifted peneplain. From the north, it has vast eroded flat surfaces such as the Hiraniwa Plateau, Hayasaka Plateau, Kuzakai Plateau, and Taneyamagahara Plateau. It is mainly made up of slate, sandstone, and limestone from the Permian Period of the Paleozoic Era, and the Hayachine Tectonic Zone, made of granite, runs through the center of the highlands. The average elevation is about 1,000 meters, but mountains around Mt. Hayachine (1,917 meters) are concentrated at around 1,300 meters. Transportation routes used to be inconvenient, with mountain passes running along rivers and valleys, but now the JR Yamada Line, Kamaishi Line, and Ofunato Line run through the area, and the third-sector Sanriku Railway opened in 1984. Furthermore, the fully paved National Route 340, which runs through the Kitakami Highlands, and National Route 45, which runs along the coastline, have played a major role in the industrial development of the Kitakami Highlands, and there are high hopes for the development of the Kitakami mountain range with an emphasis on dairy farming and livestock raising.

[Tadashi Kawamoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

東北地方北東部にある山地。北上山地ともいう。北は青森県八戸(はちのへ)付近から岩手県を経て宮城県牡鹿(おしか)半島に及ぶ南北約250キロメートル、東西最大80キロメートルの紡錘形をなした山地である。東部は三陸海岸で太平洋に臨み、西部は北上川を隔てて奥羽山脈に対する。かつて準平原化し、その後隆起して生じた隆起準平原で、北から平庭(ひらにわ)高原、早坂高原、区界(くざかい)高原、種山(たねやま)ヶ原などの広大な侵食平坦(へいたん)面がみられる。主として古生代ペルム紀(二畳紀)の粘板岩、砂岩、石灰岩などからなり、高地の中央部を花崗(かこう)岩からなる早池峰構造帯(はやちねこうぞうたい)が貫いている。平均標高は約1000メートルであるが、早池峰山(1917メートル)の周辺には1300メートル前後の山々が集中する。交通路はかつては河川、渓谷に沿った峠道で不便であったが、現在、JR山田線、釜石(かまいし)線、大船渡(おおふなと)線が通じ、第三セクターによる三陸鉄道も1984年(昭和59)開通した。さらに北上高地を縦断する国道340号、海岸線を走る国道45号の全面舗装は北上高地の産業開発に大きな役割を果たし、酪農と畜産に比重をおいた北上山系開発に期待が寄せられている。

[川本忠平]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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