A thermometer that measures temperature by taking advantage of the fact that a certain relationship (equation of state) exists between the volume, temperature, and pressure of a gas. An ideal thermometer can be made by using an ideal gas that strictly follows Boyle's law as the working medium, but of course actual gases are used in actual gas thermometers. Therefore, appropriate corrections are made to the temperature measurements obtained in this way to obtain temperature measurements on an absolute temperature scale. Gas thermometers are divided into constant pressure gas thermometers and constant volume gas thermometers. The former determines the temperature from the change in volume when the pressure is kept constant, while the latter determines the temperature from the change in pressure when the volume is kept constant. Although the principle of gas thermometers is simple, their actual operation is tedious, and they are rarely used for actual temperature measurements in laboratories, factories, etc., and are used solely as a standard for absolute temperature measurements. [Shozo Sawada] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
気体の体積、温度、圧力の間に一定の関係式(状態方程式)が成り立つことを利用して、温度を測定する温度計。ボイル‐シャルルの法則に厳密に従う理想気体を作業体とすれば、理想的な温度計ができるが、実際の気体温度計ではもちろん実在気体を使用する。したがって、これによって得られる温度測定値に適当な補正を行って絶対温度目盛りでの温度測定値が得られる。気体温度計は定圧気体温度計と定積気体温度計とに分けられる。前者は圧力を一定に保つときの体積の変化から温度を決め、後者は体積を一定に保つときの圧力の変化から温度を決める。気体温度計は、原理は簡単であるが、実際の操作はめんどうであり、実験室、工場などにおける現実の温度測定に使われることはほとんどなく、もっぱら温度の絶対測定の基準とされている。 [沢田正三] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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