The word karat is derived from the Arabic name quirrat for the seeds of the legume Deiko, or the Greek name keration for the fruit of the carob plant. The karat is also used to express the purity of gold (also called gold phase), and is indicated by adding the symbol K to the purity value, with pure gold being 24. Thus, pure gold is 24K, and gold with a purity of 750/1000, or 18/24, is 18K, which is sometimes called 18 carat gold. From [Metal Structure]...Meanwhile, the concepts of phases and phase equilibria, and the concept of atomic arrangement in crystals, were established in the late 19th century and early 20th century with the development of thermodynamics and the discovery of X-ray diffraction. With these concepts as a background, metallography in the narrow sense aims to clarify the relationship between the composition of an alloy, its manufacturing history, and heat treatment, and the metallographic structure of an alloy (also simply called the structure or metallography), by observing it under a microscope, and to clarify the process and mechanism of the formation and change of the metallographic structure. The term metallography is sometimes used in this sense. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "kinso" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…語源のうえでは,マメ科の植物デイコの種子のアラビア名quirrat,またはイナゴマメの実のギリシア名kerationに由来するといわれる。 カラットは,金の純度(金相ともいう)の表現にも用いられ,純金を24として表した純度の値に記号Kを添えて示す。したがって純金は24Kであり,純度が750/1000,すなわち18/24の金は18Kであって,これを18金と呼ぶこともある。… 【金属組織】より…一方,相と相平衡の概念,および結晶中における原子配列の概念が熱力学の発達とX線回折の発見によって,19世紀の後半から20世紀の初頭にかけて確立した。 これらの概念を背景に,顕微鏡観察することによって,合金の組成,合金の製造履歴および熱処理と合金の金属組織(単に組織あるいは金相ともいう)との対応関係を整理し,金属組織の形成とその変化の過程および機構を明らかにすることを目的とするのが狭い意味の金属組織学である。この意味で金相学という言葉が用いられることもある。… ※「金相」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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