Kinki region

The area includes the seven Kinki prefectures of Osaka, Kyoto, Hyogo, Nara, Shiga, Wakayama, and Mie, as well as Fukui prefecture in the Chubu region, as stipulated in the Kinki Region Development Law (1963). In reality, it is a region established to develop and improve the entire area that is strongly influenced by the megacity of Osaka, with the megacity at its core. Mie, Shiga, and Fukui prefectures were included in the Chubu region that was established later, so these three prefectures overlap in both regions.

The purpose of the development of the Kinki region is almost the same as that of the capital region, which is to prevent excessive concentration in existing urban areas and to eliminate regional disparities, by implementing the development of existing urban areas and their suburbs, and the development of the surrounding areas, back and outer areas simultaneously on a wide scale, thereby promoting orderly and balanced development within the region. For this reason, areas such as existing urban areas, suburban development areas, urban development areas, and conservation areas are designated within the region. Existing urban areas are urban areas within the cities of Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto, etc., where it is necessary to prevent excessive concentration of industry and population and to maintain and promote urban functions, and are designated by government ordinance. Suburban development areas are areas within a radius of about 50 kilometers from the center of an existing city, where there is a considerable concentration of population and an accumulation of secondary or tertiary industries, where there is close transportation to the parent city, where there is a large number of people commuting to work or school, and where it is necessary to develop them as urban areas in a planned manner. Additionally, urban development areas are areas outside of an area of ​​approximately 50 kilometers or more that need to be developed as cities in order to disperse and settle the population and industry concentrated in existing urban areas. Conservation areas are areas that require the preservation of cultural properties and green spaces, or the preservation and development of tourism resources. Suburban development areas, urban development areas, and conservation areas are designated by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

The Basic Development Plan for the Kinki Region, based on the Kinki Region Development Law, has been revised frequently since the first plan in 1965 (Showa 40), through the second plan in 1971, the third plan in 1978, the fourth plan in 1988, and the fifth plan (scheduled for approximately 15 years) in 2000 (Heisei 12). The Kinki region is extremely rich in archaeological and historical cultural properties, such as in Nara and Kyoto, so it is important to balance conservation and development.

[Takano Fumio]

"Kinki Region Development and Cities" edited by the Kinki Urban Studies Association (1968, Daimeido) " ▽ "Japanese Regional Geography I: General Overview of Japan" edited by the Japan Regional Geography Institute (1980, Ninomiya Shoten)" ▽ "Abe Kazutoshi, Research on the Japanese Urban System" (1991, Chijin Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

「近畿圏整備法」（1963）によって規定されている大阪、京都、兵庫、奈良、滋賀、和歌山、三重の近畿地方7府県と、中部地方の福井県を含む範囲。実質的には巨大都市大阪を中核とし、その都市的影響を強く受ける地域を全体として整備、開発するために設定された圏域をいう。後に制定された中部圏に三重、滋賀、福井県が含まれたので、この3県は両圏に重複している。

　近畿圏整備の目的は首都圏整備の場合とほとんど同じで、既成都市地域への過度集中の防止と、地域間格差の解消を目ざして、既成市街地域とその近郊の整備、周辺・背後・外側部の開発を同時に広域的に実施することによって、圏内の秩序と均衡ある発展を図ることである。そのため、圏内には既成都市区域、近郊整備区域、都市開発区域、保全区域などが指定されている。既成都市区域は、大阪市、神戸市、京都市などの区域のうち、産業・人口の過度の集中防止と都市機能の維持・増進を図る必要がある市街地区域をいい、政令で定められる。近郊整備区域は、既成都市中心部から半径約50キロメートルの圏域内で相当程度の人口集中と第二次産業または第三次産業の集積があり、母都市と交通が密接で通勤・通学人口の多い地域であって、計画的に市街地として整備する必要がある区域をいう。また、都市開発区域は、約50キロメートル以上の圏域外で、既成都市区域に集中する人口・産業を分散定着させるため、都市として開発する必要のある区域をいう。保全区域は、文化財の保存と緑地の保全、または観光資源の保全・開発が必要な区域である。近郊整備区域、都市開発区域、保全区域は、国土交通大臣が指定する。

　近畿圏整備法に基づく近畿圏基本整備計画は、1965年（昭和40）の第一次計画以来、1971年の第二次計画、1978年の第三次計画、1988年の第四次計画、2000年（平成12）の第五次計画（約15年間を予定）までしばしば改定されながら進められている。近畿圏は奈良、京都など考古学的・歴史的文化財がきわめて多く、保全と開発の調和が重要である。

［高野史男］

『近畿都市学会編『近畿圏整備と都市』（1968・大明堂）』▽『日本地誌研究所編『日本地誌Ⅰ　日本総論』（1980・二宮書店）』▽『阿部和俊著『日本の都市体系研究』（1991・地人書房）』

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