Kiyome - Purification

Japanese: キヨメ - きよめ
Kiyome - Purification

...The majority of the latter were probably people called "hinin" (non-humans). Their nature was diverse, ranging from those who were physically enslaved to large temples and shrines and used to do menial tasks such as "kiyome" (purifying the temple grounds and roads, or performing menial duties related to funerals), or those who made a living by performing odd jobs, to groups of "beggars" who barely survived by begging, including "lepers" (leprosy patients) and other poor and lonely sick people and physically disabled people, who were the targets of "charitable relief" based on Buddhist thought, specifically, so-called "segyo" (alms). Many of these 'hinin' lived in settlements under the control and management of 'hinin chouri' (chief official) or 'sanjo choja' (chief priests of the hinin area), based in key transportation hubs on the outskirts of cities, such as Kiyomizuzaka in Kyoto (Kyoto) or Narazaka in Nara (Nanjing, Nanto), or in areas called 'sanjo' (places of residence) established within manors.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Kiyome" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…後者のうちで最も多数を占めたのは,おそらくは〈非人〉と称された人々であったと推察される。その内実は種々雑多であって,大寺社に人身的に隷属して〈キヨメ〉(清めの意で,寺社域・道路の汚穢(おわい)を清めたり,葬送行事にかかわる下役を勤めたりする)の雑役に駆使されたり,雑芸で口を糊したりしたものから,物乞いでかろうじて生きた〈乞食〉の集団をなしたものまでをも指しており,これには〈癩者〉(ハンセン病患者)をはじめとする貧窮孤独の病人や身体障害者も含まれ,仏教思想による〈慈善救済〉,具体的には,いわゆる〈施行(せぎよう)〉(施し)の対象となっていたものである。彼ら〈非人〉の多くは,京都(京)の清水坂(きよみずざか)や奈良(南京・南都)の奈良坂など都市の周縁部に位置する交通の要衝や,荘園内に設定された〈散所(さんじよ)〉という地域を根拠地として,〈非人長吏(ちようり)〉や〈散所長者〉による統率・管理のもとで集落生活を営んでいた。…

※「キヨメ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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